转型期乡镇政府职权责匹配问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 19:23

本文选题：乡镇政府 + 转型时期　；参考：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为我国政府体系层次最低、数量最多的基层政权——乡镇政府，在稳固国家政权和联系广大人民群众中起着承接上级连接下级的作用，并且在中国行政体系中占有非常重要的地位。另外乡镇政府奋斗在建设社会主义新农村的前线，直接面向广大农民。作为行政区域的最低一级的政权组织，却又以国家政权者的身份规划和组织着区域内的各项事务，乡镇政府权力机制能否运行顺畅，不仅关系着农村能不能实现社会的稳定，而且关系农村经济与社会能不能得到持续发展。文章结合中国乡镇政府建设的实际情况,基于中国社会转型的大环境下,围绕乡镇政府转型时期职权责这一热点、难点问题，首先分析了政府职权责匹配的相关原则，并进行了比较分析；其次对乡镇政府职权责不匹配现状进行分析得到，我国转型时期乡镇政府运行机制职权责不匹配的现象主要有：一是乡镇政府只配给了较小的权力，却有着重大的责任或者说根本就没有权力，却有责任；二是责任划分给了乡镇政府，权力却配给给县级或县级及其以上的职能部门，形成权力和责任没有互相衔接，互相对应的机制，导致职权责三者极为不匹配。这种不匹配以“权力的萎缩和责任的膨胀”的运行机制表现出来，通常呈现出乡镇政府的权力不足以支撑其所自身所要承担的责任：一是财权被削弱，，二是自主权的缺失，三是调控权受缺损；工作职责不清、工作任务繁重、工作责任重大；然后介绍了西方典型国家如英国、加拿大等国外基层政府职权责的分配理论以及现状，并进行了对比分析；最后根据分析结果给出了乡镇政府职权责匹配的对策建议，以此希望构建出一个适合区域经济协调发展、人民满意的乡镇政府。文章得出结论，在中国当前的现实状况下，简单的讨论乡镇政府职权责匹配不符合现实，单纯的缩减人员、撤并机构是不太可能实现职权责匹配的最终目标的，要使乡镇政府职权责真正得到匹配，必须充分从乡镇基层一级政府的特殊性开始考虑，必须重新科学合理地定位乡镇政府的职能。
[Abstract]:As the lowest level and the largest number of grass-roots governments in China's government system, township governments play the role of undertaking higher authorities and connecting with lower levels in stabilizing the state power and connecting with the broad masses of the people. And in China's administrative system occupies a very important position. In addition, the township government struggle in the construction of a new socialist countryside front, directly facing the majority of farmers. As the lowest level of political power organization in administrative region, but also planning and organizing the affairs in the region as the state authority, whether the power mechanism of township government can run smoothly is not only related to whether the countryside can realize the social stability. And the relationship between rural economy and society can get sustainable development. According to the actual situation of the construction of township government in China, based on the great environment of social transformation in China, this paper focuses on the hot and difficult issues of the power and responsibility of the township government during the transition period, and analyzes the relevant principles of the matching of the authority and responsibility of the government. Secondly, through the analysis of the status quo of the mismatch of the functions and responsibilities of the township government, we can find that the phenomenon of the mismatch of the functions and responsibilities of the township government in the transitional period of our country is mainly as follows: first, the township government only allocates small powers. However, they have great responsibilities or have no power at all, but they have responsibilities; second, responsibility is divided among township governments, but power is allocated to functional departments at the county level or above, so that power and responsibility do not link up with each other. The corresponding mechanism leads to the mismatch of authority and responsibility. This mismatch is manifested by the operating mechanism of "shrinking power and expanding responsibility", which usually shows that the power of township government is not enough to support its own responsibility: first, the financial power is weakened, the second is the lack of autonomy. Thirdly, the power of control is defective, the duty is not clear, the task is heavy, the responsibility is heavy, and then introduces the distribution theory and the present situation of the basic level government responsibility of the western typical countries such as Britain, Canada and so on, and carries on the contrast analysis; Finally, according to the results of the analysis, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions of matching the functions and responsibilities of the township government, hoping to construct a township government suitable for the coordinated development of regional economy and the satisfaction of the people. The paper concludes that under the current situation in China, a simple discussion on the matching of powers and responsibilities of township governments is not in line with reality, and it is unlikely that the ultimate goal of matching functions and responsibilities will be achieved by simply reducing the number of personnel and removing and merging institutions. In order to match the functions and responsibilities of the township government, we must consider the particularity of the township government at the grass-roots level, and reposition the function of the township government scientifically and reasonably.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D630

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