中国主体功能区农业发展研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 14:42

本文选题：主体功能区 + 主体功能区农业　；参考：《中国农业科学院》2014年博士后论文

【摘要】：2010年12月,国务院发出了《国务院关于印发全国主体功能区规划的通知》,明确指出主体功能区规划是中国“国土空间开发的战略性、基础性和约束性规划”,随后于2011年6月面向全国正式公开发布了《全国主体功能区规划》。该规划依据一定的标准把全国划分为优化开发区、重点开发区、限制开发区和禁止开发区四类主体功能区,每类主体功能区都界定了相应的功能定位、发展方向和发展重点。然而,“三农”问题一直是中国农村经济改革的难点问题,农业产业也是各个产业部门中的短板,而全国主体功能区规划却只是制定了各类主体功能区的总体发展思路,并未对各类主体功能区的农业具体发展思路制定相应的细则。从理论的层面考虑,研究主体功能区农业发展,不仅是对农村经济发展理论和区域经济发展理论的丰富和发展,而且是对农村经济改革的初步探索。从实践的角度看,研究主体功能区农业发展,是科学发展观在农村经济发展领域的重要实践,不仅为合理开发城乡土地资源、推进农业产业可持续发展提供新思路,而且有利于城市吸纳农村剩余劳动力、实现社会充分就业。由此,本文将主体功能区农业的发展问题作为研究对象。全文主要从定性的角度对主体功能区农业发展进行了探索性研究,同时运用了经验总结、比较分析、描述性研究等分析方法。全文经研究形成的结论如下：一、在《全国主体功能区规划》要求的基础上,结合主体功能区和现代农业的内涵,明确界定了主体功能区农业的定义、类型和特点。二、自主体功能区规划的正式发布至今时间不长,文章分析认为,对主体功能区农业发展的认识还存在着认识不够的问题,集中体现在主体功能区经济主体之问的利益博弈影响区域内的农业发展进程、主体功能区农业发展的配套政策不够完善以及相应的绩效考核评价体系尚不够健全。三、以区域内的某个城市为例,探索研究各个类型主体功能区的发展模式。认为优化开发区农业的发展模式是夺取农业高科技发展的先机,为重点开发区、限制开发区的农业发展提供技术援助和技术引导,以技术创新、制度创新驱动的高科技集约化发展模式推动区域现代农业的发展；重点开发区农业的发展模式是为限制开发区和禁止开发区供应耕地维护、农业发展的公共服务支持,吸取优化开发区的优势资金、剩余农业人口、先进技术等生产要素；制约开发的农业区域应当在农业生产规划形式改进、提升农业综合生产力等方面构成优势,保障限制开发区的粮食安全、原料供给能力；制约开发的生态区域要在尽可能地完善农业生态效用,在发挥生态效用支持区域经济发展等方面构成优势；禁止开发区农业的发展模式是因地制宜地规划旅游观光型农业。四、在主体功能区农业发展的配套政策方面,认为各个类型主体功能区域的农业发展应当制定差别化的政策。财政政策方面需要提高财政的均等化转移支付水平；投资政策方面需要加大政府投资在农业、生态环境保护方面的比重,同时按照不同区域的主体功能定位引导非公有资本进行投资；产业政策上需要将重大农业项目布局在限制开发区内的农产品主产区,同时注重维持和保护限制开发区的生态效用；土地政策上应当实施有差别的土地使用和土地管治办法,探索施行城乡之间的土地使用增减挂钩办法。五、在主体功能区农业发展的绩效考核评价体系方面,对不同类型主体功能区的农业发展采取分类评价的考核方式。认为优化开发区考核农业产业发展的质量、农业集约化经营和农业科技研发能力；重点开发区考核城镇化发展和农业基础设施建设；限制开发区考核主要农产品保障、农业资源保障和农业生态环境。文章在已有研究的基础上,尝试着参与一些创新性的工作。试图对各类主体功能区农业的发展模式进行探索,构建推动主体功能区农业发展的配套政策体系和绩效考核评价体系。然而,主体功能区农业发展问题是农业农村经济问题研究中的难点,文章仅仅是从定性的角度对其进行分析,需要开展进一步的研究。
[Abstract]:In December of 2010 , the State Council issued a Circular of the State Council on the issue of the planning of the main functional areas of the country . It clearly indicated that the main functional area planning was a strategic , basic and binding plan for the development of the country ' s land space .

At the same time , the author makes an exploratory study on the agricultural development of the main functional area from the qualitative point of view , and uses the analysis methods such as experience summary , comparative analysis and descriptive study . The conclusion is as follows :

Firstly , the definition , type and characteristics of the main functional area agriculture are clearly defined on the basis of the requirement of the planning of the main functional areas of the main functional areas .

Second , since the formal publication of the planning of the main functional area is not long , the paper analyses that there is not enough understanding of the development of the main functional area , which is reflected in the agricultural development process in the area of the benefit game of the main function of the main functional area , and the matching policy of the main functional area agricultural development is not perfect and the corresponding evaluation system of the performance assessment is not perfect .

3 . Take a city in the region as an example , and explore the development mode of the main functional areas of each type . It is considered that the development mode of optimizing the agriculture in the development zone is the pioneer of the agricultural high - tech development , which provides technical assistance and technical guidance for the agricultural development of the development zone and restricts the development of regional modern agriculture through the high - tech intensive development mode driven by technological innovation and institutional innovation ;
The development mode of agricultural development in key development zones is to restrict the supply of cultivated land to the development zone and the development zone , support the public service of agricultural development , draw on the advantages of optimizing the development zone , surplus agricultural population , advanced technology and other production factors ;
The agricultural region that restricts the development should make the advantages in the form of agricultural production planning , improve the comprehensive productivity of agriculture and so on , so as to guarantee the food security and raw material supply capacity of the development zone ;
The ecological region that restricts the development needs to perfect the ecological effect of agriculture as much as possible , and make an advantage in exerting ecological effect in support of regional economic development .
The mode of development of agricultural development in the development zone is to plan the tourism sightseeing agriculture according to the local conditions .

4 . In the aspect of the supporting policy of agricultural development in the main functional area , it is believed that the development of agricultural development in the functional areas of the main functional areas should formulate differentiated policies .
The investment policy needs to increase the proportion of government investment in agriculture and eco - environmental protection , and guide the non - public capital to invest according to the main function of different regions ;
The industrial policy requires that major agricultural projects be laid out in the main production areas of agricultural products within the restricted development zone , while focusing on maintaining and protecting the ecological utility of the restricted zones ;
Different land use and land management measures should be implemented on land policy , and the method of increasing and decreasing land use between urban and rural areas should be explored .

5 . In the aspect of the evaluation system of agricultural development in the main functional area , the evaluation mode of the classification and evaluation is adopted for the agricultural development of different types of main functional areas . It is considered that the optimization development zone should examine the quality of the development of the agricultural industry , the agricultural intensive operation and the R & D capacity of agricultural science and technology ;
Key development zones assess the development of urbanization and the construction of agricultural infrastructure ;
Limit development zones to assess main agricultural products security , agricultural resource protection and agricultural ecological environment .

On the basis of the existing research , we try to take part in some innovative work . We try to explore the agricultural development model of all kinds of main functional areas , and construct the supporting policy system and the performance appraisal system that promote the agricultural development of the main functional area . However , the problem of agriculture development in the main functional area is the difficulty in the research of the agricultural rural economy , and the article only analyzes it from the qualitative point of view , and needs to carry out further research .

【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士后
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F323

【参考文献】