基于生态文明视角的我国农业空间格局评价与优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 02:23

  本文选题：农业 + 空间格局　； 参考：《中国农业科学院》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：生态文明建设已被纳入国家“五位一体”战略布局之中,农业是生态文明建设的关键组成部分。开展基于生态文明视角的农业空间格局评价与优化研究,对于客观认识我国农业生态文明程度,优化农业发展格局,统筹推进生态文明建设和农业现代化、绿色化发展,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。本文在界定农业生态文明概念和内涵的基础上,建立了以农业生态文明指数和协调度为表征的农业空间格局评价方法,对我国各省(市、区)及典型区域农业生态文明指数、协调度和时空分异特征进行了评价,提出了农业空间格局优化方向和对策建议。主要结论如下:第一,界定了农业生态文明的概念和内涵。研究认为,农业生态文明是指在生态文明理念指导下,以生产力持续提高、资源永续利用、生态环境改善和社会繁荣发展为目标,实现农业生产发展、农民生活改善、农村生态良好的三生共赢,最终实现人与自然和谐发展。第二,构建了农业生态文明指数评价指标体系和综合评价模型,采用层次分析法结合德尔斐法确定指标权重。定量评价了2013年我国各省区农业生态文明指数及其各支撑系统指数。结果表明,我国各省区农业生态文明指数总体偏低,呈现梯度性差异,各支撑系统的区域差异十分显著。第三,运用系统聚类法对农业生态文明指数评价结果进行了聚类分析,将全国31个省区划分为5类区域,分别是高水平均衡发展区、中高水平生态环境压力区、中水平资源利用压力区、中低水平产业社会发展压力区和低水平非均衡发展区。第四,基于离差系数原理构建了农业生态文明协调度评价模型,定量分析了黑龙江、河南、四川三个典型区域2007~2013年农业生态文明指数及其协调度的时空分异与演化特征。结果表明,三个典型区域农业生态文明指数及协调度显著提升,均已先后达到“良好协调”水平,但各子系统支撑作用的时空分异特征明显。第五,分析确立了不同区域农业空间格局优化的方向和路径。(1)高水平均衡发展区在稳步提高农产品综合生产能力的基础上,更加重视生态环境保护和资源高效利用;(2)中高水平生态环境压力区充分利用区域经济社会优势,促进一二三产业融合,加大生态环境保护投入,提高资源利用水平;(3)中水平资源利用压力区充分发挥区位优势,发展高科技都市现代农业,降低生态环境负荷,提高资源利用水平,充分发挥农业的多功能作用,实现城乡融合发展;(4)中低水平产业社会发展压力区坚持保护与发展并重,立足区域资源禀赋和生态环境条件,适度挖掘潜力,形成特色产业,提高资源利用率,不断改善农村收入水平和生活条件;(5)低水平非均衡发展区坚持保护优先、限制开发,在保护好生态环境的基础上,适度发展生态产业和高原特色产业,以产业链的延伸带动区域农牧民增收。第六,提出了优化农业空间格局的对策建议。(1)发挥市场在农业空间格局优化中的资源配置作用;(2)加强政府对农业生态文明建设的支持和监管作用;(3)发挥现代农业经营体系在生态文明建设中的主体作用;(4)释放农业一二三产业融合的乘数效应;(5)强化创新驱动对农业绿色化发展的引领支撑作用;(6)发挥两个市场、两种资源对农业空间格局优化的协调平衡作用。
[Abstract]:The construction of ecological civilization has been incorporated into the strategic layout of the national "five in one", and agriculture is the key component of the construction of ecological civilization. The evaluation and optimization of agricultural spatial pattern based on the perspective of ecological civilization has been carried out to objectively recognize the degree of agricultural ecological civilization in our country, optimize the development pattern of agriculture and promote the construction of ecological civilization as a whole. On the basis of defining the concept and connotation of agricultural ecological civilization, this paper sets up an evaluation method of agricultural spatial pattern characterized by agro ecological civilization index and coordination degree, and provides the index of agricultural ecological civilization in various provinces (cities, districts) and typical regions in China. The main conclusions are as follows: first, the concept and connotation of agricultural ecological civilization are defined. It is considered that agricultural ecological civilization refers to the continuous improvement of productivity, sustainable utilization of resources and the ecological environment change under the guidance of the ecological civilization concept. The goal of good and social prosperity and development is to realize the development of agricultural production, the improvement of farmers' life, the win-win of the rural ecology, and the harmonious development of human and nature. Second, the index system and the comprehensive evaluation model of the agricultural ecological civilization index are constructed, and the index weight is determined by the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method. The index of agro ecological civilization index and its supporting system index in every province and region of China in 2013 showed that the agricultural ecological civilization index of various provinces and regions in China was generally on the low side, showing a gradient difference, and the regional differences of each supporting system were very significant. Third, the clustering method of systematic clustering method was used to cluster analysis on the evaluation results of agricultural raw civilization index. 31 provinces and regions in China are divided into 5 types, which are high level Balanced Development Zone, medium and high level ecological environment pressure area, medium and horizontal resource utilization pressure area, low and middle level industrial social development pressure area and low level unbalanced development zone. Fourth, based on the principle of deviation coefficient, the evaluation model of agricultural ecological civilization coordination degree is constructed, and the quantitative analysis is made. The spatial and temporal differentiation and evolution of the agro ecological civilization index and its coordination degree in three typical regions of Heilongjiang, Henan and Sichuan, the results show that the agro ecological civilization index and coordination degree of the three typical regions have increased significantly, all of which have reached "good coordination", but the spatial and temporal characteristics of the supporting role of each subsystem. Fifth, the analysis has established the direction and path of the optimization of agricultural spatial pattern in different regions. (1) on the basis of steadily improving the comprehensive production capacity of agricultural products, the high level Balanced Development Zone pays more attention to the protection of the ecological environment and the efficient utilization of resources; (2) the middle and high level ecological environment pressure areas make full use of the regional economic and social advantages and promote the economic and social advantages of the high level ecological environment. 123 industry integration, increase the investment in the ecological environment protection, improve the utilization level of resources; (3) the level of the horizontal resources in the use of pressure area to fully play the advantage of location, the development of high-tech urban modern agriculture, reduce the ecological environment load, improve the level of resource utilization, fully play the multi-functional role of agricultural industry, and achieve urban and rural integration development; (4) low and medium level The pressure zone of industrial and social development insists on the equal importance of protection and development, based on regional resources endowment and ecological environment conditions, excavating potential, forming characteristic industries, improving the utilization rate of resources, constantly improving the rural income level and living conditions, and (5) the low level unbalanced development zones adhere to protection priority, limit the development and protect the ecological environment. On the base, the appropriate development of ecological industry and plateau characteristic industry, with the extension of the industrial chain to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen in the region. Sixth, put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the spatial pattern of agriculture. (1) play the role of market in the allocation of resources in the optimization of agricultural space pattern; (2) strengthen the government's support and supervision of the construction of agricultural ecological civilization; (3) The main role of the modern agricultural management system in the construction of ecological civilization; (4) releasing the multiplier effect of the 123 industrial integration of agriculture; (5) strengthening the leading role of innovation driving to the green development of agriculture; (6) playing two markets and the coordination and balance of two resources to the optimization of agricultural spatial pattern.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F327
，

本文编号：1804062