淮北平原区旱涝均衡治理适宜地下水埋深研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 11:35

本文选题：淮北平原区 + 旱涝均衡治理　；参考：《扬州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：淮北平原区地势平坦,降雨分配不均且年际变化大,导致旱涝灾害频繁发生。本文以淮河平原区浅层地下水高效利用为核心展开研究,选取砂礓黑土和黄潮土种植下的小麦和大豆两种作物为研究对象,对作物的需水规律、地下水利用规律分阶段研究,确定作物适宜地下水埋深,以作物适宜地下水埋深为目标,利用橡胶坝的控制作用以及河沟地表水对地下水的补排作用,通过适当的人工调控地下水位达到作物旱涝均衡治理适宜地下水埋深。主要研究成果如下： (1)旱作物多年平均地下水利用量高峰在5月和8月,小麦生育期为10月-次年5月,全生育期内对黄潮土区地下水利用总量大于砂礓黑土区,抽穗～灌浆和灌浆～成熟两个生育期对下水利用量最多,根据不同时段小麦对地下水利用情况分析得：小麦在砂礓黑土区最佳地下水埋深为0.8m,黄潮土区最佳地下水埋深为1.0m。从小麦根系发育过程分析,地下水埋深宜控制1.0-1.5m,利用小麦根系对水分的吸收。 (2)大豆生育期为6-9月,全生育期内对黄潮土区地下水利用总量大于砂礓黑土区,开花～鼓粒和鼓粒～成熟两个生育期对下水利用量最多,根据不同时段的大豆对地下水的利用情况分析得：大豆在砂礓黑土区最佳地下水埋深为0.8m,黄潮土区最佳地下水埋深为1.0m。从大豆根系发育过程分析,地下水埋深宜控制0.8-1.4m,利用大豆根系对水分的吸收。 (3)根据作物全生育期内盈亏水量分析,大豆基本处于水分盈余状态,通过调控地下水位达到作物吸水层及时减少水分补给,防止大豆受涝水影响。立仓试验区平均地下水埋深为1.95m,板桥试验区平均地下水埋深为2.69m,以适宜地下水埋深0.8-1.0m为调控目标,其控制地下水调控范围分别为1.15～0.95m、1.89～1.69m。 (4)根据河沟地表水对地下水的补排宽度分析得：在立仓试验区,垂直芡河500m(一侧距离)以内的区域,在橡胶坝的调控作用下,地下水位均受到明显的补给作用,垂直洪桥沟200mm(两侧距离)以内的区域,地下水位均受到一定的补给作用,渔桥沟与干沟地下水排泄宽度为100m左右。板桥试验区,垂直北淝河700m(一侧距离)以内的区域,地下水位的变化受到河沟地表水对其的补给影响作用。鹿庄沟地下水排泄宽度为300m-400m,玉亭沟与白马沟地下水排泄宽度范围500m。 (5)通过对两种作物的生长过程分析以及河沟调控地下水分析,在不同生育阶段及时进行合理的补排水措施,可减少作物受早涝影响,保证作物产量及质量,提高地下水利用效率。本文以作物适宜地下水埋深为研究目标适时调控地下水位,研究成果可为淮北平原区农田旱涝均衡治理提供思路及理论依据；对淮河流域平原区农田排水工程规划、地下水埋深调整思路等具有指导作用；对促进流域地下水的高效利用,缓解区域水资源短缺矛盾,促进区域经济的可持续发展有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The Huaibei Plain area is flat with uneven rainfall distribution and great interannual variation, which results in frequent drought and waterlogging disasters. In this paper, the high efficient utilization of shallow groundwater in Huaihe Plain area was studied. Two crops, wheat and soybean planted in sandy black soil and yellow tide soil, were selected as the research objects. The water demand and groundwater utilization law of crops were studied in different stages. In order to determine the suitable groundwater depth of crops, the control effect of rubber dam and the recharge and discharge of surface water to groundwater are taken as the target. Through proper artificial control of groundwater level, the suitable groundwater depth of crop drought and flood control can be achieved. The main findings are as follows: (1) the annual average groundwater use of dry crops was highest in May and August, and the growth period of wheat was from October to May of the following year. The total amount of groundwater utilization in Yellow Chao soil region was larger than that in sandy black soil area during the whole growth period. According to the analysis of the groundwater utilization of wheat in different periods, the optimum groundwater depth of wheat was 0.8 m in the sandy black soil area and 1.0 m in the yellow tide soil area. According to the analysis of wheat root system development, the groundwater depth should be controlled 1.0-1.5 m, and the water absorption of wheat root system should be used. (2) the growth period of soybean is from June to September. The total utilization of groundwater in the Yellow Chao soil region is larger than that in the sandy black soil area. Based on the analysis of the groundwater utilization of soybean in different periods, it was found that the optimum groundwater depth of soybean was 0.8 m in sandy black soil area and 1.0 m in yellow tide soil area. According to the analysis of soybean root system development, the groundwater depth should be controlled 0.8-1.4 m, and the water absorption of soybean root system should be used. 3) according to the analysis of yield and loss water in the whole growth period of crops, soybean is basically in the state of water surplus, and it can reduce the water supply in time by controlling the groundwater level to reduce the water supply in time, and prevent the soybean from being affected by waterlogging. The average groundwater depth in Likang experimental area is 1.95 m, and that in Banqiao experimental area is 2.69 m.The suitable groundwater depth of 0.8-1.0 m is taken as the control target, and the range of controlling groundwater is 1.150.95 mand 1.891.69 mm. (4) according to the analysis of the width of groundwater recharge by surface water in the river trench, it is concluded that in the area within 500 m (one side distance) of the vertical Euryale River, the groundwater level is obviously recharged under the control of the rubber dam in the test area of the vertical Euryale River. In the area of 200 mm vertical Hongqiao ditch (distance between two sides), the groundwater level is recharged to a certain extent, and the groundwater discharge width of Yuqiao ditch and dry ditch is about 100 m. In Banqiao experimental area, within 700 m (side distance) of Beifeihe River, the change of groundwater level is affected by the recharge of surface water. The groundwater discharge width of Luzhuanggou is 300m-400m, and that of Yuting ditch and Baimagou is 500m. 5) through the analysis of the growth process of the two crops and the analysis of the regulation and control of the groundwater in the river channel, reasonable rehydration and drainage measures can be carried out in different growth stages in order to reduce the effect of the early waterlogging on the crops and to ensure the yield and quality of the crops. Improve the efficiency of groundwater utilization. In this paper, the suitable groundwater depth of crops is taken as the research goal to timely regulate the groundwater level, and the research results can provide the train of thought and theoretical basis for the balanced control of farmland drought and flood in Huaibei Plain, and the planning of farmland drainage engineering in the plain area of Huaihe River Basin. It is of great significance to promote the efficient utilization of groundwater, alleviate the contradiction of regional water resources shortage and promote the sustainable development of regional economy.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S273.1

【参考文献】