区域环境影响农民合作社发展的机理与实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 01:29

本文选题：农民合作社 + 发展　；参考：《湖南大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：农民合作社作为参与市场竞争的市场主体,不仅是落实政府支农惠农政策的执行者和有效载体,也是将农户个体劣势转变为群体优势的中介组织,更是农业实现集约化、组织化、社会化、专业化发展进程的主力军。农民合作社作为一种组织形态,其运行根植于所处区域环境之中,农民合作社的发展深受区域环境中政府规制、经济发展、技术创新、社会文化、自然资源等因素的影响。现阶段的农民合作社在推动规模经营与强化发展的过程中面临不少的困难和问题,集中反映在行政区划管理与监督体制的制约,土地流转经营可持续时间短且流转政策难保障,基础设施配套与金融、技术、人才服务难到位,乡邻社会文化软约束与自然资源硬约束下的经营选择问题等。本文在区域环境中制度非均衡、禀赋差异化的前提下,以“优化区域环境对农民合作社发展的作用路径”为目的,遵循“理论架构与机理分析——现状考察——实证分析——优化建议”的研究思路,着力体现理论联系实际,为政策决策者服务。首先,本文对农民合作社发展的内涵与区域环境进行了明确的界定,对农民合作社理论的发展以及区域环境的研究进展进行了梳理。本文构建了由区域经济学的经济辐射理论,政府规制理论与公共财政理论,小世界网络理论与创新理论,文化嵌入理论,资源依赖理论以及循环经济理论组成的理论分析框架,并在该理论框架的指导下系统梳理了区域环境中政府规制、经济发展、技术创新、社会文化以及自然资源因素对农民合作社的作用机理,研究发现,区域环境中的政府规制在农民合作社发展的不同阶段,其规制内容也从商业与资本规制向技术与安全规制转变,政府规制的选择性激励通过生产要素的转移与传递,对区域内具有不同政府规制禀赋的合作社产生了扩散效应与回流效应;区域环境中的经济发展则通过地方财政收入,劳动力集聚,金融服务水平,农民收入以及技术创新能力这五种辐射动力分别对农民合作社发展的资金保障,人才保障,发展可持续性,组织保障以及技术保障五个方面形成了辐射动力传递,影响了农民合作社的发展;区域环境中的技术创新则以网络形式嵌入农民合作社的发展过程,并通过网络结构中的网络密度、网络强度以及网络异质性了促进了农民合作社对知识的积累、传播以及整合作用,继而提升了农民合作社的创新能力,而区域技术创新网络的增长性与择优选择的扩散特征则通过网络中的要素传递影响农民合作社的创新扩散效果;区域环境中社会文化嵌入合作社的过程是一种组织对区域文化不断领会和融入的社会化、内化以及缄默化的过程,社会文化直接或者间接地影响了农民合作社的组织文化,组织文化差异呈现出农民合作社的不同风险偏好,继而影响了农民合作社的决策行为;由于自然资源限制了农民合作社的生产对象与产品形态,使得区域环境中的自然资源成为了农民合作社发展的硬约束条件。其次,本文结合农民合作社发展演进过程,运用因子分析方法,构建了由合作社创新能力,合作社保障能力、合作社发展潜力、合作社学习能力以及合作社辐射带动能力共同组成的农民合作社发展能力指标体系。在合作社发展能力中,创新能力是农民合作社发展能力的核心,而区域环境是影响农民合作社发展的关键因素。本文运用农民合作社发展能力指标体系评价了湖南省2246家农民合作社的发展能力,发现农民合作社发展呈现两极分化,参差不齐的特征。再次,本文通过区域环境对农民合作社发展的影响因素实证分析,运用随机森林算法对11个区域环境要素指标进行筛选,得出影响农民合作社发展效率的7个主要影响指标,随后运用面板模型对主要影响指标进行了面板回归,发现反映政府规制因素的财政投入指标对农民合作社发展具有最显著的正向促进作用,反映经济发展因素的农村金融发展程度指标以及反映技术创新因素的创新投入指标和创新市场指标对合作发展效率具有正向促进作用,合作社的生产规模与合作社发展呈正相关,而技术创新因素中的创新产出指标没有通过显著性水平检验。综合来说,区域环境中政府规制因素对农民合作社具有最显著影响,技术创新因素次之,经济发展因素中的农村金融发展程度对农民合作社发展具有一定影响,而自然环境因素以及社会文化因素对合作社发展不具备显著的直接影响。本文重点考察了区域环境的关键因素——政府规制,以及农民合作社的核心能力——创新能力与农民合作社发展之间的联系。考虑到目前农民合作社在农业技术推广模式中主要发挥创新扩散载体作用,因而选取农民合作社的创新扩散能力反映农民合作社的创新能力,将政府规制、合作社的创新扩散与合作社发展三者相结合,通过构建小世界网络仿真农民合作社的创新扩散过程,分析了合作社创新扩散的网络结构与传播特征,构建了政府规制、创新扩散与合作社发展的中介效应方程。研究发现,在创新扩散网络中,率先选择具有较强扩散势能的农民合作社开展创新扩散活动将有助于提高创新扩散速度,增强创新扩散效果;农民合作社主要通过生产要素的配置与交换过程实现创新扩散,创新技术(产品)在农民合作社的社会关系网络中主要通过节点间的连接路径扩散,并具有范围广、随机性强的特征。合作社创新扩散能力主要受政府规制中的法律法规以及财政资金扶持、金融政策支持等手段影响,政府规制在农民合作社的创新扩散与合作社发展之间存在显著的中介作用,政府规制提高了合作社创新扩散能力,合作社的创新扩散能力促进了合作社发展,同时合作社的创新扩散对政府规制具有正反馈作用。最后,结合对区域环境各因素影响农民合作社发展的作用机理分析与实证检验,提出了相应的优化建议:通过完善制度供给机制,政策安排机制以及财政支持以优化区域政府规制对农民合作社发展的作用路径;通过构建区域创新环境,增强技术创新能力,加强技术创新管理以优化区域技术创新对农民合作社的作用路径;通过夯实基础设施建设,促进金融发展,建立职业农民培养体系来优化区域经济发展对农民合作社发展的作用路径;通过增进合作社互惠,增强合作社自治,加强合作社合作来优化社会文化对农民合作社发展的作用路径;通过打造特色经济,发展循环经济,借力互联网经济改善自然资源对农民合作社的制约作用。
[Abstract]:Farmers' cooperatives, as the main body of market competition, not only carry out the implementers and effective carriers of the government's policy of supporting agricultural benefits, but also the intermediary organizations that transform the individual inferiority into the group advantage, and the main force of the development of the intensive, organized, socialized and specialized development of agriculture. Its operation is rooted in the regional environment. The development of farmers' cooperatives is deeply influenced by the government regulation, economic development, technological innovation, social culture, natural resources and other factors in the regional environment. At the present stage, farmers' cooperatives face many difficulties and problems in the process of promoting scale management and strengthening development. Under the restriction of administrative division management and supervision system, the sustainable time of land circulation management is short and the circulation policy is difficult to guarantee, the infrastructure supporting and finance, technology, talent service are difficult to be in place, the local social culture soft constraint and the management choice under the hard constraint of natural resources. On the premise of "optimizing the role path of regional environment for the development of farmers' cooperatives", we follow the research idea of "theoretical framework and mechanism analysis - present situation inspection - Empirical Analysis - optimization proposal", and focus on theory and practice to serve policy decision-makers. First, this article is the inner part of the development of farmers' cooperatives. The culvert and regional environment are clearly defined, the development of the theory of farmer cooperatives and the research progress of regional environment are combed. This paper constructs the economic radiation theory of regional economics, the theory of government regulation and the theory of public finance, the theory of small world network and the theory of creation, the theory of cultural embeddedness, and the theory of resource dependence. And the theoretical framework of the theory of circular economy, and under the guidance of the theoretical framework, the mechanism of government regulation, economic development, technological innovation, social culture and natural resource factors to farmers' cooperatives in the regional environment is systematically combed. The study finds that the government regulation in the regional environment is different in the development of farmers' cooperatives. In the stage, its regulatory content also changes from commercial and capital regulation to technology and security regulation. The selective incentive of government regulation through the transfer and transfer of production factors leads to the diffusion effect and reflux effect on cooperatives with different government regulation endowments in the region, and the economic development in regional environment through local financial income and labor. The five kinds of radiation power, such as dynamic agglomeration, financial service level, farmers' income and technological innovation ability, have formed radiative power transmission on five aspects of the development of farmers' cooperatives, such as capital guarantee, talent guarantee, sustainable development, organization guarantee and technical support, which affect the development of farmers' cooperatives; the technology in the regional environment is created. The new development process of farmers' cooperatives is embedded in the form of network, and through network density, network intensity and network heterogeneity, the farmer cooperatives' accumulation, dissemination and integration of knowledge are promoted, and the innovation ability of farmers' cooperatives is promoted, and the growth and selection of regional technological innovation networks are selected and selected. The selective diffusion features influence the innovative diffusion effect of farmers' cooperatives through the transmission of elements in the network; the process of social culture embedding cooperatives in the regional environment is a process of socialization, internalization and silence in the organization of regional culture, which directly or indirectly affects farmers' cooperatives. The organizational culture and organizational culture differences show the different risk preferences of farmers' cooperatives, and then affect the decision-making behavior of farmers' cooperatives. Because natural resources restrict the production objects and product forms of farmers' cooperatives, the natural resources in the regional environment become hard constraints for the development of farmers' cooperatives. Secondly, this paper Based on the development and evolution process of farmers' cooperatives and using factor analysis method, the index system for the development ability of farmers' cooperatives is constructed, which is composed of cooperative innovation ability, cooperative guarantee ability, cooperative development potential, cooperative learning ability and cooperative radiation driving ability. The core of the development capacity of the people's cooperatives, and the regional environment is the key factor affecting the development of farmers' cooperatives. This paper evaluates the development capacity of 2246 farmers' cooperatives in Hunan province by using the index system of farmers' cooperative development ability, and finds that the development of farmers' cooperatives presents polarization and uneven characteristics. The empirical analysis of the influence factors on the development of farmers' cooperatives, using the random forest algorithm to screen 11 regional environmental factors, get 7 main impact indicators that affect the development efficiency of farmers' cooperatives, and then use panel model to return the main impact index, and find the financial investment reflecting the government regulation factors. The entry index has the most significant positive effect on the development of farmers' cooperatives. The indicators of the economic development factors, the index of innovation input and the innovation market index, which reflect the technological innovation factors, have positive effect on the efficiency of cooperative development, and the production scale of the cooperative society is positively related to the cooperative development. In the regional environment, the government regulation factors have the most significant influence on the farmers' cooperatives, the technological innovation factors are the second, the rural financial development degree in the economic development factors has a certain influence on the development of farmers' cooperatives, and the natural environment is the natural environment. Factors and socio cultural factors have no significant direct impact on the development of cooperatives. This paper focuses on the key factors of the regional environment, the government regulation, and the core competence of the farmers' cooperatives, the relationship between the innovation ability and the development of farmers' cooperatives. It mainly plays the role of innovation diffusion carrier, so the innovation diffusion ability of farmers' cooperatives is selected to reflect the innovation ability of farmers' cooperatives, the government regulation, the cooperative innovation diffusion and the cooperative development of the cooperatives are combined, and the innovation diffusion process of the farmer cooperatives is simulated by constructing the small world network, and the innovation diffusion of the cooperatives is analyzed. The medium effect equation of government regulation, innovation diffusion and cooperative development is constructed. It is found that in the innovation diffusion network, the first choice of farmers' cooperatives with strong diffusion potential to carry out innovative diffusion activities will help to improve the diffusion rate of innovation, enhance the effect of innovation diffusion, and the farmer cooperatives. Innovation diffusion is realized mainly through the allocation and exchange process of production factors. The innovation technology (product) is spread mainly through the connection path among the nodes in the social relations network of farmers' cooperatives, and has the characteristics of wide range and strong randomness. The innovation and diffusion ability of the cooperative is subject to the laws and regulations in the government regulation and the financial funds. Support, financial policy support and other means, government regulation has a significant intermediary role between the innovation diffusion of farmers' cooperatives and the development of cooperatives. Government regulation improves the ability of the cooperative innovation diffusion, the innovative diffusion ability of cooperatives promotes the development of cooperatives, and the innovation diffusion of cooperatives is positive and negative to government regulation. Finally, based on the mechanism analysis and empirical test on the influence of regional environmental factors on the development of farmers' cooperatives, the corresponding optimization suggestions are put forward: through the improvement of institutional supply mechanism, policy arrangement mechanism and financial support to optimize the role of regional government regulation on the development of farmers' cooperatives; through the construction of regional creation. The new environment, strengthen the ability of technological innovation, strengthen the management of technological innovation to optimize the role of regional technological innovation to farmers' cooperatives; through ramming infrastructure construction, promoting financial development and establishing the training system of professional farmers to optimize the path of regional economic development to the development of farmers' cooperatives; Strong cooperative autonomy, strengthening cooperative cooperation to optimize the role of social culture on the development of farmers' cooperatives; through building a characteristic economy, developing circular economy, and improving the restrictive role of natural resources to farmers' cooperatives by using the Internet economy.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F321.42

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