区域产业集聚的经济增长效应及技术创新机制实证分析

发布时间：2018-04-30 18:19

本文选题：区域产业集聚 + 区域技术创新　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：当前中国正式进入了经济发展的新常态阶段,经济增长速度已从高速增长转变为中高速增长,经济增长动力逐步从投资驱动、要素驱动向创新驱动转变,区域技术创新在推动各地区经济持续增长过程中的作用愈发重要。现实中企业在区域技术创新中处于主体地位并发挥着主导作用,而受市场力量、地理位置及资源禀赋等诸多因素影响,隶属于不同产业的企业在全国各地区均存在着不同程度的集聚现象,区域产业集聚成为推动区域技术创新和经济增长的实际载体。通过对我国区域产业集聚与经济增长水平的空间地理分布进行考察发现,二者发展程度都较高的地区存在着较高程度的地理重叠。事实上,对我国区域产业集聚与技术创新的空间地理分布进行观察会发现,区域产业集聚与区域技术创新之间在地域分布上同样存在高度的正相关性。上述经验事实发现自然而然地引发以下思考:区域产业集聚对区域经济增长是否具有显著的促进作用?哪些行业的产业集聚有利于地区经济增长?哪种产业集聚的外部性更有利于地区经济增长?相关产业集聚在推动经济增长的过程中会受到哪些因素影响?区域产业集聚对区域技术创新是否也具有显著的促进作用?哪些行业产业集聚有利于区域技术创新?哪种产业集聚的外部性更有利于区域技术创新?在区域产业集聚影响地区经济发展的过程中,区域技术创新又扮演了什么角色?本文在对国内外相关研究文献进行梳理和评述的基础上,结合产业集聚、技术创新与经济增长相关理论,将城市间空间联系引入到新经济地理学模型,重新推导了产业集聚影响区域经济增长的理论模型,通过构建2006-2014年我国279个地级市的面板数据,综合运用多种面板数据模型估计方法,尝试对这一系列重要问题作出系统而准确的回答。本文从理论模型、计量模型、研究视角、变量选取和研究数据等诸多方面对已有研究进行了拓展,通过经验研究最终得出以下重要结论:首先,从行业视角来看,当前我国制造业集聚并未出现所谓的拥挤效应,制造业集聚对地区经济增长呈现出显著的集聚效应。在超过50%的样本地区,制造业集聚对地区经济增长表现出减速递增的正向影响。服务业集聚对地区经济增长同样呈现出显著的集聚效应,且在所有的样本地区,服务业集聚对地区经济增长都表现出减速递增的正向影响。服务业细分行业中,在所有样本地区,生产性服务业集聚对地区经济增长均表现出减速递增的正向影响;在几乎全部样本地区,公共性服务业集聚对地区经济增长呈现出减速递增的正向影响;然而,仅在17%的样本地区,消费性服务业集聚对地区经济增长呈现出加速递减的正向影响。具体到产业间共同集聚对地区经济增长的影响方面,除制造业与消费性服务业共同集聚对地区经济增长表现出单调的正向影响之外,在所有样本地区,制造业与整体服务业、生产性服务业、公共性服务业共同集聚对地区经济增长均表现出加速递减的正向影响。最后,只有制造业集聚、整体服务业集聚和生产性服务业集聚对地区经济增长影响满足“威廉姆森假说”,“开放性假说”在我国并不成立。其次,从产业集聚的静态外部性视角来看,产业内集聚外部性对地区经济增长存在着稳健的负向影响,产业间集聚外部性对地区经济增长则具有显著的“倒U”型影响,在85%的样本地区中,产业间集聚外部性对地区经济增长表现出加速递减的正向影响。从产业集聚的动态外部性视角来看,在竞争性市场结构下,Porter外部性对地区经济增长具有显著的负向影响,Jacobs外部性对地区经济增长则具有显著的正向影响;在垄断性市场结构下,MAR外部性对地区经济增长呈现出显著的“U”型影响,在83%的样本地区中,MAR外部性对地区经济增长呈现出加速递减的负向影响。此外,产业集聚动态外部性对地区经济增长的影响还受地区经济发展阶段调节:经济发展初期,Porter外部性对地区经济增长起到了显著的促进作用;随着经济的不断发展,Porter外部性对地区经济增长的影响由正变负,此时Jacobs外部性对地区经济增长的正向影响效应开始显现;当经济发展到较高阶段时,MAR外部性对地区经济增长的影响则会由负变正。再次,基于行业视角研究发现,制造业集聚和服务业及其细分行业集聚均对地区技术创新表现出较为显著的非线性影响,绝大多数样本中制造业集聚和服务业及其细分行业集聚均对地区技术创新表现出显著的正向影响。除了制造业与消费性服务业共同集聚对地区技术创新的影响并不显著之外,制造业与整体服务业、生产性服务业、公共性服务业之间的共同集聚对地区技术创新分别呈现出单调、加速递减、减速递增的正向影响。基于产业集聚的静态外部性视角研究发现,产业内集聚外部性对地区技术创新具有显著的“倒U”型影响,在92%的样本地区中,产业内集聚外部性对地区技术创新呈现出加速递减的促进作用;产业间集聚外部性对地区技术创新具有显著的“U”型影响,仅在30%的样本地区中,产业间集聚外部性对地区技术创新开始呈现出减速递增的促进作用;基于产业集聚的动态外部性视角研究发现,MAR外部性和Porter外部性均对地区技术创新表现出显著的“倒U”型影响,在81%的样本地区中,MAR外部性对地区技术创新呈现出加速递减的促进效应,而在所有样本地区中,Porter外部性均对地区技术创新呈现出加速递减的促进效应;Jacobs外部性对地区技术创新则表现出显著的“U”型影响,然而仅在25%的样本地区中,Jacobs外部性对地区技术创新开始呈现出减速递增的正向影响效应。最后,基于技术创新对地区经济增长影响的调节效应模型研究发现,除消费性服务业集聚计量模型之外,在其它计量模型中,地区技术创新对地区经济增长均呈现出显著的促进作用。采用MacKinnon et al.(2002)建议使用的具有更高统计功效的中介效应检验方法检验发现,地区技术创新在服务业集聚、生产性服务业集聚、制造业与服务业共同集聚、制造业与生产性服务业共同集聚等影响地区经济增长的过程中发挥了完全中介效应作用;地区技术创新在制造业集聚、公共性服务业集聚、制造业与公共性服务业共同集聚等影响地区经济增长的过程中则发挥了部分中介效应作用。本文的创新之处主要体现在以下方面:第一,研究视角创新。本文系统研究了制造业与服务业及细分服务业之间集聚与共同集聚对地区经济增长的影响;并从集聚的静态外部性和动态外部性方面进一步加以论证。采用类似处理方式,实证检验了技术创新在产业集聚对地区经济增长影响中的中介传导作用。第二,模型构建、变量选取及数据来源创新。理论模型推导中考虑了城市间的联系,计量模型中引入了核心解释变量及控制变量的二次项,缓解了由于遗漏变量、模型设定误差及双向因果关系造成的估计偏误;重新选择了产业间共同集聚及技术创新指标;根据不同市场竞争结构条件,区分并构造了产业集聚静态外部性与动态外部性指标;首次采用地级市层面技术创新面板数据对技术创新机制进行了检验。第三,研究结论创新。本文研究发现核心变量及相关控制变量对地区TFP和技术创新在多数情况下均具有显著的非线性影响,结合相关经济学理论,本文对相应的非线性影响效应给出了较为合理的解释。
[Abstract]:At present, China has formally entered the new normal stage of economic development. The speed of economic growth has changed from high speed to medium and high speed growth. The impetus of economic growth is gradually driven from investment, factor driven to innovation driven. Regional technological innovation plays an increasingly important role in promoting the sustained economic growth of various regions. In reality, enterprises are in the area. The domain technology innovation is in the main position and plays the leading role, and influenced by many factors such as market force, geographical location and resource endowment, the enterprises belonging to different industries have different degrees of agglomeration in all regions of the country. Regional industrial agglomeration has become the actual carrier to promote regional technological innovation and economic growth. After investigating the spatial and geographical distribution of regional industrial agglomeration and economic growth level in China, it is found that there is a high degree of geographical overlap between the two areas with higher level of development. In fact, the spatial and geographical distribution of regional industrial agglomeration and technological innovation in China will be observed, regional industrial agglomeration and regional technological innovation are found. There is also a positive correlation between the geographical distribution and the regional distribution. The above empirical facts have naturally aroused the following thinking: does regional industrial agglomeration have a significant role in promoting regional economic growth? Which industry agglomeration is beneficial to regional economic growth? Which industrial agglomeration is more conducive to regional economy? What factors will be influenced by industrial agglomeration in the process of promoting economic growth? Does regional industrial agglomeration have a significant role in promoting regional technological innovation? Which industry agglomeration is beneficial to regional technological innovation? Which industrial agglomeration is more conducive to regional technological innovation? In the shadow of regional industrial agglomeration In the process of regional economic development, what role does regional technological innovation play? On the basis of combing and reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad, combining the theory of industrial agglomeration, technology innovation and economic growth, the spatial connection between cities is introduced into the new economic geography model, and the image of industrial agglomeration is rededuced. The theoretical model of economic growth in the ringing region, through the construction of the panel data of 279 cities in China for 2006-2014 years, and the comprehensive application of various panel data model estimation methods, try to make a systematic and accurate answer to this series of important problems. This paper from the theoretical model, measurement model, research perspective, variable selection and research data. In the face of existing research, the following important conclusions are concluded through empirical research. First, from the perspective of industry, the current manufacturing agglomeration does not have the so-called crowding effect, and the manufacturing agglomeration has a significant agglomeration effect on regional economic growth. In more than 50% of the sample areas, the manufacturing industry clusters on the regional economy. The growth shows a positive impact on the increase of deceleration. Service industry agglomeration also shows a significant agglomeration effect on regional economic growth, and in all sample areas, service industry agglomeration has a positive effect on the growth of regional economic growth. In the service sector, in all sample areas, the production service industry is gathering to the ground. Regional economic growth shows a positive impact on increasing deceleration; in almost all sample areas, public service agglomeration has a positive effect on regional economic growth. However, in only 17% of the sample areas, consumer service agglomeration has a positive effect on regional economic growth. In addition to the effect of collective agglomeration on regional economic growth, in addition to the monotonous and positive impact of the joint agglomeration of manufacturing and consumer services on regional economic growth, in all sample areas, both manufacturing and overall service industry, productive service industry and public service industry have shown an accelerated decline in regional economic growth. Finally, only the manufacturing agglomeration, the overall service industry agglomeration and the productive service industry agglomeration affect the regional economic growth to meet the "Williamson hypothesis", and the "openness hypothesis" is not established in China. Secondly, from the perspective of the static externality of industrial agglomeration, the externality of industrial agglomeration exists in the regional economic growth. The strong negative impact, the inter industry agglomeration externality has a significant "inverted U" effect on regional economic growth. In the 85% sample area, the inter industry agglomeration externality has a positive effect on the regional economic growth. From the dynamic externality angle of industrial agglomeration, under the competitive market structure, the external Porter is outside. Sex has a significant negative impact on regional economic growth, and the externality of Jacobs has a significant positive effect on regional economic growth. Under the monopoly market structure, the externality of MAR has a significant "U" effect on regional economic growth. In the 83% sample area, the externality of MAR shows an accelerated decline in regional economic growth. In addition, the impact of industrial agglomeration dynamic externality on regional economic growth is also regulated by the stage of regional economic development. In the early period of economic development, Porter externalities played a significant role in promoting regional economic growth; with the continuous development of the economy, the influence of Porter externalities on regional economic growth was positively negative, at this time Jacobs The positive effect of externality on regional economic growth begins to appear. When the economy develops to a higher stage, the influence of MAR externality on regional economic growth will be negative. Thirdly, based on the industry perspective, it is found that the agglomeration of manufacturing industry and service industry and its subdivision industry are all more significant to regional technological innovation. In the vast majority of samples, the agglomeration of manufacturing industry and service industry and its subdivision industry cluster have a significant positive impact on regional technological innovation. In addition, the joint agglomeration of manufacturing and consumer services does not have a significant impact on regional technological innovation. The joint agglomeration of industries presents a monotonous, accelerated decline, and a positive impact on the growth of regional technological innovation. Based on the static externality perspective of industrial agglomeration, it is found that the externality of industrial agglomeration has a significant "inverted U" effect on regional technological innovation. In the 92% sample area, the externality of the industrial agglomeration is on the ground. Industrial agglomeration externalities have a significant "U" effect on regional technological innovation. Only in 30% of the sample areas, the externality of inter industry agglomeration has a accelerating effect on regional technological innovation; based on the dynamic externality perspective of industrial agglomeration Both MAR externality and Porter externality showed a significant "inverted U" effect on regional technological innovation. In the 81% sample area, MAR externalities showed accelerated diminishing effect on regional technological innovation, while in all sample areas, Porter externalities showed accelerated diminishing effect on regional technological innovation; Jacobs Externality has a significant "U" effect on regional technological innovation. However, only in 25% of the sample areas, Jacobs externality has a positive effect on regional technological innovation. Finally, the study of the moderating effect model based on the effect of technological innovation on regional economic growth has found that the consumption service industry has been found. In addition to the metered model, in other measurement models, regional technological innovation has a significant promotion effect on regional economic growth. The use of MacKinnon et al. (2002) suggests that the intermediate effect test method with higher statistical efficiency is found to be used to test the regional technological innovation in service industry agglomeration, production service industry agglomeration, and manufacturing industry. Together with the service industry, the joint agglomeration of the manufacturing industry and the productive service industry has played a complete intermediary effect in the process of regional economic growth, and regional technological innovation plays a part in the process of manufacturing industry agglomeration, public service industry agglomeration, manufacturing industry and public service industry agglomeration. The innovation of this paper is mainly embodied in the following aspects: first, research perspective innovation. This paper systematically studies the influence of agglomeration and agglomeration between manufacturing and service industry and subdivision services on regional economic growth, and further demonstrates the static externality and dynamic externality of agglomeration. Similar treatment methods, empirical test the intermediary role of technological innovation in the impact of industrial agglomeration on regional economic growth. Second, model construction, variable selection and data source innovation. The relationship between cities is considered in the deduction of theoretical model, and two terms of core explanatory variables and control variables are introduced in the econometric model. On the basis of the missing variables, the model setting error and the two-way causality error, the industrial agglomeration and the technical innovation indexes are re chosen, and the static externality and the dynamic externality of industrial agglomeration are differentiated and constructed according to the competitive structure conditions of different markets. The innovation mechanism of the operation is tested. Third, the research conclusions are innovating. This paper finds that the core variables and related control variables have significant nonlinear effects on regional TFP and technological innovation in most cases, and this paper gives a more reasonable explanation for the corresponding nonlinear effects combined with the relevant economic theory.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F124

【参考文献】