美国制造业的两次重大调整与区域增长格局的变迁

发布时间：2018-05-02 03:26

  本文选题：美国 + 制造业　； 参考：《史学月刊》2017年11期

【摘要】：美国制造业曾经历了两次重心迥异但又密切关联的重大调整。第一次调整始于20世纪70年代初,到90年代初方告一段落,主要内容是"去工业化"。在此过程中,东北部-中西部"冰雪带"和西部-南部"阳光带"此消彼长。90年代,制造业的发展比较平稳,但进入21世纪后,在中国等新兴经济体的冲击下,美国制造业就业再次下滑,引起整个社会的关注,由此出现以重振制造业为主的第二次调整,是为"再工业化"。这次调整在产业转型的同时,区域经济布局渐趋均衡。从"去工业化"到"再工业化",并不仅仅是制造业数量的变化和区位的移动,更重要的是,在此过程中,美国产业升级换代,区域经济结构优化,潜能得到了比较充分的释放,在美国的总体经济走向上留下了深深的印记。
[Abstract]:The US manufacturing industry has undergone two major shifts in gravity, but closely related. The first adjustment began in the early 1970s and came to an end in the early 1990s. In the process, the "ice and snow belt" in the northeast, central and western regions, and the "sunshine belt" in the west and south of the country declined one after another. In the 1990s, the development of the manufacturing industry was relatively stable, but after entering the 21st century, under the impact of China and other emerging economies, Manufacturing jobs in the United States have fallen again, drawing attention to the entire society, resulting in a second adjustment focused on reinvigorating manufacturing for "re-industrialization." The adjustment in the industrial transformation at the same time, the regional economic layout gradually balanced. From "de-industrialization" to "re-industrialization", it is not only the quantity change of manufacturing industry and the shift of location, but also, more importantly, in this process, the American industry is upgraded, the regional economic structure is optimized, and the potential is fully released. It has left a deep impression on the overall economic direction of the United States.
【作者单位】： 厦门大学人文学院;上海社会科学院世界经济研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“20世纪世界城市化转型研究”(16ZDA139);国家社会科学基金项目“美国制造业城市转型研究”(12BSS018)
【分类号】：K712
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本文编号：1832182