我国“民工荒”的变化及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 21:20

  本文选题：农民工 + 民工荒　； 参考：《河南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2004年春节过后,我国东部沿海发达地区爆发了严重的“民工荒”现象,其后,“民工荒”现象非但没有消失,反而愈演愈烈。尤其是2010年经济逐步复苏之后,“民工荒”再一次出现并迅速蔓延,袭卷全国。现今,“民工荒”丝毫没有退去的趋势,并成为阻碍中国经济增长的一个难题。对于长期以来被视为劳动力无限供给的国家,“民工荒”在我国的出现似乎是一件不可能的事情。因此“民工荒”问题引起了国内的广泛关注,更成为经济学界研究的一个热点。从我国“民工荒”的发展情况来看,自2004年首轮“民工荒”爆发至今,我国的“民工荒”现象发生了重大变化,包括“民工荒”的总量规模、行业结构、主体结构、时间分布等方面的特征都发生了较大的改变。本文结合劳动力流动理论,在分析我国“民工荒”变化的基础上,主要分析了“民工荒”变化的影响因素。我们认为,包括农民工主体的结构分化、农民工群体内部的阶层分化、区域经济发展差距与工资差距不断减少、产业转移与产业升级、产业结构与就业结构的不协调、房价和房租持续走高、惠农政策效应凸显等在内的诸多因素是导致“民工荒”变化的主要原因。而且,在现有劳动力供求变化趋势下,“民工荒”在程度和范围都有不断扩大的趋势,“民工荒”日趋常态化。尽管“民工荒”具有不利的影响,但从国家经济社会发展的宏观趋势来看,“民工荒”的发展趋势恰巧为我国经济的深化转型提供了机遇。其一,“民工荒”的持续改变了要素的产业结构和区域结构配置模式,有利于实现我国产业结构和就业结构的均衡配置,也有利于实现区域经济协调发展;其二,“民工荒”的持续推动了农民工工资的上涨,进而有利于推动企业生产方式的改革;其三,“民工荒”倒逼推动了我国的产业转移,推动了中西部地区的城镇化建设,也减少了大城市人口过度集中的压力。因此,应采取积极合理的措施来应对“民工荒”,推动经济转型发展,包括:继续强化制度创新、提高农民工工资和福利待遇水平、加快产业升级和结构转移、改变企业的用工模式和理念、全面提升农民工的人力资本、建立差异化的农民工回流和畅流机制、统筹城乡协调发展等等。
[Abstract]:After the Spring Festival in 2004, the phenomenon of "shortage of workers" broke out in the developed coastal areas of eastern China. After that, the phenomenon of "shortage of migrant workers" not only did not disappear, but became more and more serious. Especially after the gradual economic recovery in 2010, the "shortage of migrant workers" appeared again and spread rapidly across the country. At present, the shortage of migrant workers has no tendency to retreat, and has become a problem hindering China's economic growth. For a country that has long been regarded as an unlimited supply of labor, the emergence of the "shortage of migrant workers" in China seems to be an impossible thing. Therefore, the problem of "shortage of migrant workers" has aroused widespread concern in China, and has become a hot spot in the field of economics. Judging from the development of the "shortage of migrant workers" in China, since the first round of "shortage of migrant workers" broke out in 2004, the phenomenon of "shortage of migrant workers" in China has undergone major changes, including the total scale of the "shortage of migrant workers", the structure of the industry, and the structure of the main body. The characteristics of time distribution have changed greatly. Based on the theory of labor flow, this paper analyzes the influence factors of the change of "shortage of migrant workers" on the basis of analyzing the change of "shortage of migrant workers" in China. We believe that, including the structural differentiation of the main body of migrant workers, the stratum differentiation within the migrant workers group, the decreasing gap between regional economic development and wages, the industrial transfer and industrial upgrading, the disharmony between the industrial structure and the employment structure, Many factors, such as rising house price and rent and prominent effect of agricultural policy, are the main reasons for the change of "labor shortage". Moreover, under the changing trend of labor supply and demand, the "shortage of migrant workers" has a tendency of expanding in degree and scope, and "shortage of migrant workers" is becoming more and more common. Although the shortage of migrant workers has adverse influence, from the macro trend of the national economic and social development, the development trend of the "shortage of migrant workers" provides an opportunity for the deepening transformation of our country's economy. First, the "shortage of migrant workers" has continuously changed the industrial structure of the elements and the pattern of regional structural allocation, which is conducive to the balanced allocation of industrial structure and employment structure in China, and also to the coordinated development of regional economy. The "shortage of migrant workers" has pushed up the wages of migrant workers, which is conducive to the reform of the mode of production of enterprises. Third, the "shortage of migrant workers" has pushed forward the industrial transfer of our country and promoted the urbanization construction in the central and western regions. It also reduces the pressure of overpopulation concentration in big cities. Therefore, we should take positive and reasonable measures to deal with the "shortage of migrant workers" and promote the economic transformation and development, including: continue to strengthen institutional innovation, raise the level of wages and welfare of migrant workers, accelerate industrial upgrading and structural transfer, We should change the employment mode and concept of enterprises, improve the human capital of migrant workers in an all-round way, set up a differentiated mechanism for migrant workers to return and flow freely, coordinate the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6
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本文编号：1858507