老挝农业发展战略研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 03:29

本文选题：现代农业 + 战略　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：农业是老挝国民经济发展的支柱产业，在老挝国内生产总值中占有很重的分量。为了发展农业经济，老挝自建国以来探索和发展了近40年，并取得了一定的成果。2001年老挝“七大”提出“加快经济发展、促进生产、消灭贫困”这一社会经济全面发展的战略目标，农业经济更是取得突破性进展。随着老挝人口的不断增长，在日益激烈的国际竞争条件下，稳定粮食产量、提高产品质量从而保障粮食安全是今后老挝农业发展过程中必须直面的问题。为了从战略上解决上述问题，我们必须清醒的认识到在老挝农业发展过程中还存在诸多限制性因素，如农业体制改革不充分、农业市场化发展不足、农业投入配置不合理、农业耕作制度落后、农业服务体系不健全等。这些因素严重制约了老挝农业的长远发展，面对现实中存在的这些问题，老挝的农业经济发展存在着很大的不确定性，正确认识和面对这些困难将有助于老挝农业的可持续发展。本文根据老挝农业的发展现状，在分析老挝农业经济发展中面临的机会、威胁、优势和劣势的基础上，通过学习和借鉴国外农业经济发展的成功经验，提出了发展现代农业并在战略上指出发展道路和模式的科学论断，希望对老挝的农业经济发展提供一定的借鉴意义。本文的主要研究结论为： 1.老挝农业经济落后，科技含量低，生产效率低下，农产品国际竞争力弱，但在老挝国民经济中仍处于基础性地位，农业经济的快速稳定发展是促进第二三产业发展的前提条件。为了有效解决农业经济发展过程中存在的诸多限制性因素，老挝政府出台并实施了一系列促进农业经济发展的利农政策，如颁布实施《老挝土地法》以促进和保护农业生产经营、改革农业所有制结构并鼓励经营多样化和经营自主化、减免农业税以调动农民生产经营的积极性、大力改善农业生产经营的基础设施条件、将农业发展融入消灭贫困的国家战略中等。 2.通过对老挝农业经济进行SWOT分析，该文总结了老挝农业经济在发展过程中拥有许多内部优势和外部机遇，例如农业资源丰富，地理位置优越，农业产业政策稳定，近年来国民经济持续高速增长，另外老挝政局稳定以及加入东盟和大湄公河次区域经济合作带来了很大的发展机遇。同时老挝农业经济还存在诸多发展劣势和外部威胁，如农业内部结构构成比例不适当，生产力水平低下，农业基础设施不完善，交通运输条件差，农业发展水平落后于周边国家，以及地区安全和自然疾病带来的威胁等。 3.通过阐述美国、日本、中国和越南四国现代农业发展情况可以看出，不同国家的现代农业发展形式表现出很大的差异。老挝要想实现本国农业经济的现代化发展需要结合国内的实际情况因地制宜地制定和执行有效的发展政策，走出一条独具特色的有竞争力的发展道路。基于对国外发达国家和发展中国家现代农业发展的基本做法和成功经验，老挝发展农业经济应明确现代农业发展的定位，加强政府对现代农业发展的政策支持力度，拓宽融投资渠道，科学规划，，合理布局，结合老挝的自然、资源和地理等优势，增强农业经济竞争力，提升国际影响力。 4.老挝农业以传统农业为主，在激烈的国际竞争条件下，继续走传统农业的老路已不符合新世纪农业发展的需求。随着老挝农村生态环境问题的日益突出，结合老挝农业发展现状，发展现代化农业提升农产品市场竞争力是老挝农业经济发展的必然选择。老挝拥有发展现代农业基本的内外部条件，本文根据老挝农业发展的现实基础提出了不同地区现代农业的发展战略和发展模式。北部地区农业经济明显落后与中南部地区，应该执行政府主导型现代农业发展战略-利用区位优势和特色资源的现代农业模式；中部地区机械化和现代化水平最高，应执行产业一体化现代农业发展战略-科学技术含量高的现代农业模式；南部地区市场化条件较好，应执行市场营销型现代农业发展战略-经营集约一体化发展的现代农业模式。同时，本文还提出了一些老挝农业发展中应注意的问题，主要包括：充分发挥老挝农业经济在发展中拥有的自然优势和资源优势，努力提高农业生产要素利用率，调整农业生产结构和经营管理方式，加快农业现代化发展；继续保持支农、利农政策，增加对农业的支持力度，因地制宜地选择和执行适宜的农业经济发展模式，结合资源和市场因素，发展当地特色农业经济；鼓励和支持农业科学技术创新，努力推广农业科学技术在农业生产实践中的应用，促进农业科学技术成果转化为现实生产力，适度现实规模化生产，推动农业机械化和产业化发展；正确认识和处理不同地区间农业发展的差异性问题，统筹发展，协调各地区农业经济的发展模式和途径，全面提高老挝农业经济的综合生产能力。
[Abstract]:In order to develop the agricultural economy, Laos has explored and developed for nearly 40 years since the founding of the people's Republic of China, and has made some achievements in the "Seventh National Congress" of Laos in.2001, and put forward the social classics of "accelerating economic development, promoting production and eradicating poverty". With the strategic goal of overall development, the agricultural economy has made breakthrough progress. With the increasing population of Laos, the stability of grain yield, improving the quality of products and ensuring food security under the increasingly fierce international competition conditions are the problems that must be faced directly in the process of agricultural development in Laos in the future. We must be aware that there are many restrictive factors in the process of agricultural development in Laos, such as inadequate agricultural reform, inadequate agricultural marketization, irrational allocation of agricultural investment, backward farming system and unsound agricultural service system. These factors seriously restrict the long-term development of Laos agriculture and face the long-term development of Laos agriculture. These problems exist in reality, and there is a great uncertainty in the development of the Laos' agricultural economy. The correct understanding and the face of these difficulties will help the sustainable development of the Laos agriculture. Based on the present situation of the Laos agriculture, this paper analyzes the opportunities, threats, advantages and disadvantages of the Laos agricultural economic development. Studying and drawing on the successful experience of the development of foreign agricultural economy, we put forward the scientific argument of developing modern agriculture and pointing out the way and mode of development strategically, and hope to provide some reference for the development of agricultural economy in Laos.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
1. Laos is backward in agricultural economy, low in science and technology, low in production efficiency and weak in the international competitiveness of agricultural products, but still in a basic position in the national economy of Laos. The rapid and stable development of agricultural economy is the prerequisite for the development of the two or three industry. In order to effectively solve the many restrictive factors in the process of agricultural economic development, The Laos government has promulgated and implemented a series of policy of promoting agriculture to promote the development of agricultural economy, such as the promulgation and implementation of the Laos land law to promote and protect agricultural production and management, reform the structure of agricultural ownership and encourage diversification and management autonomy, reduce and exempt agricultural tax to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers' production and operation, and improve agricultural production. The infrastructure conditions of operation should be equal to the national strategy of integrating agricultural development into poverty eradication.
2. through the SWOT analysis of the Laos agricultural economy, this article summarizes that the Laos agricultural economy has many internal advantages and external opportunities in the process of development, such as rich agricultural resources, superior geographical position, stable agricultural industry policy, sustained and rapid growth of the national economy in recent years, and the stability of the Laos political situation, as well as ASEAN and Greater Mekong. The economic cooperation of the sub region of the river has brought great opportunities for development. At the same time, the agricultural economy of Laos has many disadvantages and external threats, such as the improper proportion of the structure of the agricultural structure, the low level of productivity, the imperfect agricultural infrastructure, the poor transportation conditions, the development level of the agricultural industry behind the surrounding countries and the regional security. And the threat of natural diseases.
3. by explaining the development of modern agriculture in the four countries of the United States, Japan, China and Vietnam, it can be seen that the modern agricultural development of different countries has shown great differences. Based on the basic practice and successful experience of modern agricultural development in developed countries and developing countries, the development of agricultural economy in Laos should clear the orientation of the development of modern agriculture, strengthen the government's policy support for the development of modern agriculture, broaden the channel of investment, scientific planning and reasonable Layout, combined with Laos's natural, resource and geographical advantages, will enhance the competitiveness of agricultural economy and enhance international influence.
4. the old agriculture of Laos agriculture is based on traditional agriculture. Under the fierce international competition, the old way to continue the traditional agriculture is not in line with the demand of agricultural development in the new century. With the increasingly prominent ecological environment problems in Laos, combining the present situation of Laos agricultural development, the development of modern agriculture to promote the competitiveness of agricultural products is the agricultural economy of Laos. The inevitable choice of development is that Laos has the basic internal and external conditions for the development of modern agriculture. In this paper, the development strategy and development model of modern agriculture in different regions are put forward in accordance with the realistic basis of the development of Laos. The modern agricultural model of regional advantage and characteristic resources; the highest level of mechanization and modernization in the central region, the modern agricultural development strategy of industrial integration modern agriculture should be carried out, and the modern agricultural model with high scientific and technological content should be carried out. The market conditions of the southern region are better, and the marketing model of modern agricultural development should be carried out and the intensive integration of management should be carried out. An exhibition of modern agricultural models.
At the same time, this paper also puts forward some problems that should be paid attention to in the development of Laos agricultural development, including: giving full play to the natural and resource advantages of Laos in the development of agricultural economy, improving the utilization rate of agricultural production factors, adjusting the structure of agricultural production and management, speeding up the development of agricultural modernization, and maintaining the support of agriculture. The policy of promoting agriculture, increasing support for agriculture, selecting and implementing appropriate agricultural economic development model according to local conditions, combining resources and market factors, developing local agricultural economy, encouraging and supporting agricultural science and technology innovation, promoting the application of agricultural science and technology in agricultural production practice, and promoting agricultural science and technology. The results are translated into practical productive forces, moderately realistic and large-scale production, promote agricultural mechanization and industrialization, correctly recognize and deal with the differences in agricultural development among different regions, coordinate development, coordinate the development patterns and ways of agricultural economy in various regions, and comprehensively improve the comprehensive production capacity of the agricultural economy in Laos.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F333.4

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