生活污水深度处理用于油田采油水配聚的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 23:37

本文选题：阳离子交换树脂 + 超滤　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济社会的飞速发展，人类对水资源的需求量也逐年增长。我国水资源总量丰富。但是，由于人口基数太大，人均水资源占有量低下，是世界上水资源匮乏的13个国家之一。此外，我国的水资源还存在着时间和空间分布不均匀的特点，水资源的空间分布与区域经济社会的发展存在着严重的不一致性。因此，水资源极度短缺的现状，会严重制约我国经济社会的迅速发展由于三次采油技术的迅猛发展，使用规模越来越大，所需要消耗的水资源的量也逐渐加大，，进一步加剧了水资源短缺的现状。因此，如何将生活污水进行深度处理，变废为宝，使其满足油田配聚的要求，代替清水进行采油，不仅可以缓解水资源短缺的现状，而且还能产生巨大的经济和社会效益。本课题以生活污水的二级排放水为研究对象，对其进行水质分析，确定影响配聚性能的主要因素。选用了三种处理工艺：传统深度处理工艺、超滤深度处理工艺和超滤和离子交换树脂联用深度处理工艺。分别对三种工艺出水的水质进行分析，并进行配聚试验，测定配制的不同浓度、不同分子量的聚合物溶液的粘度、抗剪切性能以及粘度稳定性。同时，与清水体系进行对比分析，考察用其代替清水的可行性。对二级排放水的水质分析结果显示：由于矿化度值小于1000mg/L，矿化度对粘度的影响可忽略不计，此时，聚合物溶液（HPAM）粘度主要受阳离子浓度的影响。进一步试验证明，HPAM溶液的粘度受阳离子影响程度为Mg2+＞Ca2+＞Na+＞K+。前两种工艺对Ca2+和Mg2+均有一定的去除，但去除率较低，主要是依赖混凝反应的去除作用，故去除效果不明显，工艺一的去除率分别为：27.51%、30.65%，工艺二的去除率为：24.87%、27.90%。因此，出水的配聚效果与二级排放水相比虽然有了一定提高，但与清水体系相比，仍有很大的差距，不能直接替代清水。在处理装置的后端添加阳离子交换树脂后，Ca2+和Mg2+均得到了很好的去除，效果明显，去除率分别为：89.76%、51.05%，其对聚合物溶液配聚性能的影响也大大降低。通过对不同分子量、不同浓度的HPAM溶液的粘度情况进行分析，并与二级排放水和清水体系做对比，发现配聚效果优于二级排放水，且与清水体系配聚效果接近，故可以用其代替清水。本课题还研究了超滤膜和树脂的污染情况。研究结果显示，跨膜压差在运行初期增长较快，随后增长速度变慢。扫面电镜的分析显示，对其进行化学清洗之后，膜面的污染物质得到了很好的去除。污染树脂的理化性能检测结果显示，树脂外观无破碎现象，颜色加深，含水率为47.44%，仍在正常允许的范围内。全交换容量为3.64mmol/g，强酸基团交换容量为3.27mmol/g，弱酸基团交换容量为0.37mmol/g。污染树脂的交换容量减小，若继续使用，需要对树脂进行再生处理。再生之后树脂的全交换容量为4.51mmol/g。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, the demand for water resources is increasing year by year. China is rich in water resources. However, because the population base is too large and the per capita water resource is low, it is one of the 13 countries with scarce water resources in the world. In addition, the distribution of water resources in China is not uniform in time and space, and there is a serious inconsistency between the spatial distribution of water resources and the development of regional economy and society. Therefore, the current situation of extreme shortage of water resources will seriously restrict the rapid development of our country's economy and society. Due to the rapid development of tertiary oil recovery technology, the scale of use is getting larger and larger, and the amount of water resources needed to be consumed increases gradually, which further exacerbates the current situation of water resources shortage. Therefore, how to treat domestic sewage deeply and turn it into treasure, make it meet the requirement of oil field distribution and gather, instead of clean water for oil recovery, can not only alleviate the current situation of water resources shortage, but also produce huge economic and social benefits. In this paper, the secondary discharge water of domestic sewage is taken as the research object, and the water quality is analyzed to determine the main factors affecting the polymerization performance. Three kinds of treatment processes were selected: traditional advanced treatment, ultrafiltration advanced treatment and combined advanced treatment of ultrafiltration and ion exchange resin. The water quality of the effluent from the three processes was analyzed, and the polymer solution viscosity, shear resistance and viscosity stability of different concentration and molecular weight of polymer solution were determined. At the same time, compared with the water system, the feasibility of replacing water with it was investigated. The results of water quality analysis show that the effect of salinity on viscosity is negligible because the salinity is less than 1000 mg / L, and the viscosity of polymer solution HPAM is mainly affected by the concentration of cations. Further experiments show that the viscosity of HPAM solution is influenced by cationic ions in the order of Mg2 > Ca2 > Na > K. Both Ca2 and Mg2 were removed by the first two processes, but the removal rate was low, mainly dependent on the coagulation reaction, so the removal rate was not obvious. The removal rate of the first process was 30.65% and the removal rate of the second process was: 24.87% 27.90%. Therefore, compared with the secondary discharge water, the polymerization effect of the effluent is improved, but compared with the water system, there is still a big gap, which can not be directly replaced by the clean water. After adding cationic exchange resin to the back end of the treatment unit, Ca 2 + and Mg2 were removed very well, and the removal rates were respectively 1% 89.76 6 and 51.055.The effect on the polymer solution polymerization performance was also greatly reduced. The viscosity of HPAM solution with different molecular weight and concentration was analyzed and compared with the secondary discharge water and clear water system. It was found that the polymer blending effect was better than that of the secondary discharge water, and the polymerization effect was close to that of the clean water system. So you can use it instead of clear water. The pollution of ultrafiltration membrane and resin was also studied. The results show that the transmembrane pressure difference increases rapidly at the beginning of operation and then slows down. SEM analysis showed that the contaminants on the membrane surface were well removed after chemical cleaning. The physical and chemical properties of the contaminated resin showed that the appearance of the resin was not broken, the color was deepened, and the moisture content was 47.44, which was still within the normal allowable range. The total exchange capacity is 3.64 mmol / g, the exchange capacity of strong acid group is 3.27 mmol / g, and the exchange capacity of weak acid group is 0.37 mmol / g. The exchange capacity of the contaminated resin is reduced. If it continues to be used, the resin needs to be regenerated. The total exchange capacity of the regenerated resin was 4.51 mmol / g.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X799.3

【参考文献】