基于地形与都市区位的京津地区现代农业用地分区研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 09:20

本文选题：地貌 + 区位　；参考：《中国农业大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：对农业土地进行合理的利用分区,不仅可以高效利用宝贵的土地资源,而且能够促进生态环境的良性循环、实现经济社会的健康发展。京津地区的地貌类型多样,经济区位差异显著,造成该地区农业土地利用的多样化与复杂化。同时,作为京津大都市区,城市扩张迅速,又面临着严重的水土资源与环境问题。本研究在农业地域分异理论、景观生态学理论、产业结构演进理论、农业区位理论、比较优势理论、可持续发展理论的指导下,借助ArcGIS空间分析、数理统计、景观分析等软件平台,综合分析地貌、经济区位等对京津地区农业土地格局及其变化的影响,并提出了京津地区农业土地利用分区与整治模式。主要研究结果如下： (1)地貌是农业土地利用的基础,决定着农业土地利用的基本方向与布局。本文综合不同地貌区典型土壤样点的点状数据与相关资料的面状数据,通过数理统计与ArcGIS空间分析,从海拔、坡度、土壤、水文状况等地貌要素对作物生长所需的温度、水分、作物扎根立地条件、农业机械化作业条件、灌溉保证率、盐渍化等方面,综合分析了不同地貌区农业用地的立地条件。农业用地自然适宜性评价结果表明：中山区由于海拔高、坡度大、土层薄等限制,不适宜耕作面积比例最大,除林地外,其他农业用地类型较少。低山丘陵区地形和土层限制,为中度适宜,林地、果园面积较大。冲积平原区基本无自然条件限制,土地适宜性最高,适宜多种农业用途,因而农业用地类型多样,而且转换频繁。海积平原区由于受盐渍化影响,整体适宜性次之,农业用地以耕地、其他农用地为主。农业土地利用的分布整体上与大地貌的地域分异规律相符合。 (2)以2004年、2012年土地利用现状数据为基础,采用ArcGIS与Fragstats软件研究不同自然适宜区内的农业用地格局变化特征。数量结构变化表明,在城镇化过程中,优质的农业用地资源快速流失,减少面积为766.35km2；灌排等农田基础设施工程的完善和土地整治,提升了原本适宜度级别较低的农业用地等别,使中度适宜区的农业用地呈现增加态势,增加面积为507.60km2低度适宜区农业用地的增加则主要来源于宜耕后备资源的开发,面积增加了329.06km2;比较效益差是农业用地资源流失的根本原因。景观格局变化表明,高度适宜区基本无自然条件限制,产业规模化效益明显,农业用地景观结构变化最频繁；中度适宜区景观结构整体变化幅度较小,具有较强的稳定性,但随着投入增加,农业生产条件改善较大；受自然条件的约束,低度适宜区农业景观格局“地带性”分布明显。研究结果表明,经济社会的发展驱使农业用地呈现以市场需求和经济效益为导向的转换特征。 (3)定量评价了大都市不同经济区位下农业用地承受的发展压力大小,并以耕地为对象,进行发展压力差异下的耕地资源时空变化特征研究。结果表明：耕地减少幅度与发展压力之间呈现出高度的空间关联性,即距离中心城区越近,发展压力越大,耕地减少幅度越快；反之,距离中心城区越远,发展压力越小,耕地减少幅度也小。耕地减少的主要因素是农业产业结构调整、建设占用,进一步印证了比较效益差是耕地减少的主要原因。新增耕地的主要来源是发展压力较小地区的农业产业结构调整、未利用地开发；但这些区域大多生态脆弱,并不适宜耕种。因此,协调城市化过程中的农地保护与经济发展之间的矛盾,必须考虑农业土地利用的经济效益。 (4)基于都市区农业生产面临的资源与环境问题,在地貌分异的基础上,综合考量区域土地的自然适宜程度高低及经济区位条件,将区域农业用地分为5个区,并提出各用地区的农业主导功能、利用方向与整治模式。 (5)美国的土地潜力分类、FAO土地评价基本是依据自然资源禀赋对传统农业的适宜性评价。但是,当社会经济发展到相当高的阶段,技术力量可以克服土地天然的限制性因素,自然条件的限制性对土地利用的影响减弱。因此,土地评价不应再单纯考虑自然适宜性,应该更多地考虑评价区域的经济与社会发展状况,特别是在都市区。但是,有些限制性因素还是比较难以克服的,比如海拔与地形对农业的限制性。本文在自然适宜性评价的基础上,叠加都市经济区位影响大小评价的农业用地分区方法。提出了在两个中心城区之间布置基本农田作为城市增长边界,中心城区周边以农作物作为绿化用地,滨海平原盐碱荒地上发展设施农业的农业用地分区利用建议,为现代农业土地利用分区与布局提供了方法与思路上的借鉴。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of agricultural geography , landscape ecology theory , industrial structure evolution theory , agricultural location theory , comparative advantage theory and sustainable development theory , this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of agricultural land pattern and its changes in Beijing - Tianjin region by means of spatial analysis , mathematical statistics , landscape analysis and so on .

( 1 ) Geomorphology is the basis of agricultural land use and determines the basic direction and layout of agricultural land use .

( 2 ) Based on the data of land use present in 2004 and 2012 , the change of agricultural land pattern in different natural areas is studied by using ArcGIS and Fragstats software . The change of quantity structure shows that in the process of urbanization , high - quality agricultural land resources are rapidly lost , and the reduction area is 766.35km2 ;
The improvement of farmland infrastructure projects , such as irrigation and drainage , improves the agricultural land , such as agricultural land with lower fitness level , and increases the agricultural land in the moderately appropriate area . The increase of agricultural land in the low - degree land area of 507 . 60km2 is mainly derived from the development of suitable arable reserve resources , the area is increased by 329.06km2 , and the comparative benefit difference is the root cause of the loss of agricultural land resources . The change of landscape pattern shows that the height - suitability area is basically free of natural conditions , the industrial scale benefit is obvious , and the landscape structure of agricultural land is most frequent ;
The overall change of the landscape structure is small , which has strong stability , but with the increase of investment , the condition of agricultural production is improved .
The research results show that the development of economic and social development drives the agricultural land to present the conversion characteristics guided by market demand and economic benefit .

( 3 ) The paper quantitatively evaluates the development pressure of agricultural land under different economic zones of the metropolis , and studies the spatial and temporal characteristics of cultivated land resources under the pressure difference of cultivated land . The results show that the closer the cultivated land decreases to the development pressure , the closer the cultivated land is , the greater the development pressure , the faster the decrease of cultivated land .
On the contrary , the farther from the central city , the smaller the development pressure , the less the cultivated land is . The main factors of the decrease of cultivated land are the adjustment of the agricultural industry , the occupation of the construction , and the further printing of the comparative benefit difference is the main reason of the decrease of cultivated land . The main source of the new cultivated land is the adjustment of the agricultural industry in the small area of development , and the undeveloped land development ;
However , most of these areas are fragile and unsuitable for cultivation . Therefore , the contradiction between agricultural land protection and economic development in urbanization must be coordinated , and the economic benefits of agricultural land use must be considered .

( 4 ) Based on the resource and environmental problems faced by urban agricultural production , the regional agricultural land is divided into 5 districts on the basis of landform diversity , and the regional agricultural land is divided into 5 districts , and the agricultural dominant function , the utilization direction and the regulation mode of each area are proposed .

( 5 ) The land potential classification of the United States , the FAO land evaluation is basically based on the natural resources endowment to the suitability evaluation of the traditional agriculture . However , when the social economy develops to a relatively high stage , the technological power can overcome the natural restrictive factors of the land , and the restrictive effect of the natural conditions on the land use is weakened . Therefore , the land evaluation should not take into account the natural suitability , especially in the metropolitan area . However , some limiting factors are difficult to overcome , such as the limitation of altitude and topography on agriculture .

On the basis of the evaluation of natural suitability , this paper puts forward the agricultural land zoning method for evaluating the impact of urban economic location . The paper puts forward that the basic farmland is arranged between the two central urban areas as the boundary of urban growth , and the surrounding of the central urban area is used as green land , and the agricultural land use proposal of the development facilities agriculture on the saline - alkali wasteland of the coastal plain provides a method and a reference for the land use division and layout of modern agriculture .
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F301.2

【参考文献】