黑龙江省红星风电场项目成本管理研究

发布时间：2018-08-16 10:10

【摘要】：风力发电是我国重点发展的战略性能源领域，是我国未来能源产业格局中的重要组成部分。2011年，我国累计安装风电机组45894台，装机容量6236万千瓦，与2010年累计装机4473万千瓦相比，2011年累计装机增长了39.4%。随着风电项目大量上马建设，项目管理中存在的成本问题逐渐成为目前风力发电产业中亟待解决的重要课题。特别是对黑龙江省这样的老工业基地和能源大省而言，在风电项目建设中强化成本管理，进一步提升风电项目建设的经济效益和社会效益具有非常重要的现实意义。鉴于此，以红星风电项目为研究对象，对风电项目成本管理问题进行案例分析和实证研究不仅能够为红星风电场项目强化成本管理提供决策参考，而且能够对其他风电项目提高成本管理水平具有重要借鉴意义。针对红星风电场项目成本管理问题，可以开展如下几方面的研究：在我国风电产业快速发展，特别是大型风电基地建设项目不断加速的背景下，在风能资源比较丰富的地区建设风电场项目不仅能够缓解当地电力负荷和用电压力，而且能够带动区域风电产业发展，创造比较可观的经济和社会效益。从红星风电场项目看，总装机容量48MW，预计年发电量101952.2千瓦时，，投资收益率预计5.07%，具有较好的经济前景；同时在改善地区能源结构、带动区域经济发展、改善地区环境等方面具有明显作用。针对成本控制，红星风电场项目也采取了一系列措施，主要包括：建立项目成本管理制度；认真开展风电机组选型工作；细致分析征用土地的规模等。项目成本估算与偏差分析。首先，项目成本管理应该综合考虑诸多影响因素。一般来讲主要包括：项目工期、项目质量、项目范围、物资耗用数量、风电补贴政策、市场价格变化、技术进步因素等。其次，在常用的成本估算方法中，优选适合项目实际情况的方法来进行项目成本估算。最后，通过测度项目成本偏差，分析项目成本偏差产生的原因。通过采用偏差分析方法，不难发现红星风电场项目的成本偏差状况表现为以下几个方面：一是项目目前处于超支状态，项目的成本效率仅为81%，项目成本控制状况并不理想；二是从4个子项目看，“其他费用”的成本控制效果最好，接近1，而“设备及安装工程”子项目的成本控制效果最差，成本效率仅为0.76。三是从三级子任务看，“通信和控制设备及安装工程”的成本效率最高，达到1.03；“建设用地”、“建设管理费”两个子任务，由于严格按照有关法律法规执行，因此，成本效率为1。值得注意的是“其他设备及安装工程”和“生产准备费”的成本效率较低，分别为0.56和0.69，是项目今后成本控制的重点方向。针对红星风电场在成本管理中存在的问题，今后有必要进一步提高管理水平、强化成本管理工作。具体可以从以下几方面着手：第一，提高对项目成本管理的重视程度；第二，切实减少浪费；第三，建立成本责任制；第四，积极申请CDM项目。
[Abstract]:Wind power generation is a strategic energy field which is the focus of China's development and an important part of China's future energy industry pattern. In 2011, China installed 45,894 wind turbines with installed capacity of 62.36 million kilowatts. Compared with the accumulative installed capacity of 44.73 million kilowatts in 2010, the accumulative installed capacity in 2011 increased by 39.4%. With the large number of wind power projects on the horizon. The cost problem in project management has gradually become an important issue to be solved in the wind power industry. Especially for Heilongjiang Province, an old industrial base and a big energy province, it is very important to strengthen cost management in wind power project construction and further enhance the economic and social benefits of wind power project construction. In view of this, taking Hongxing wind power project as the research object, case analysis and empirical research on cost management of wind power project can not only provide decision-making reference for strengthening cost management of Hongxing wind power project, but also have important reference significance for improving cost management level of other wind power projects. The cost management of wind farm projects can be carried out in the following aspects:
With the rapid development of wind power industry in China, especially the construction of large-scale wind power bases, wind power projects in areas with abundant wind energy resources can not only alleviate the local power load and voltage power, but also promote the development of regional wind power industry and create considerable economic and social benefits. Star wind farm project, the total installed capacity of 48MW, estimated annual power generation capacity of 101952.2 kWh, the investment rate of return is expected to be 5.07%, with good economic prospects; at the same time, in improving the regional energy structure, driving regional economic development, improving the regional environment and other aspects of the obvious role. The measures include: establishing the project cost management system; carrying out the wind turbine selection work conscientiously; analyzing the land expropriation scale carefully.
First of all, the project cost management should consider a number of factors. Generally speaking, it mainly includes: project duration, project quality, project scope, quantity of material consumption, wind power subsidy policy, market price changes, technological progress factors and so on. Secondly, in the commonly used cost estimation methods, select the appropriate items. Finally, by measuring the project cost deviation, the causes of the project cost deviation are analyzed. By using the deviation analysis method, it is not difficult to find the cost deviation of Hongxing wind farm project as follows: First, the project is currently in the state of overexpenditure, the cost of the project. Efficiency is only 81%, the cost control situation of the project is not ideal; second, from the four sub-projects, "other costs" cost control effect is the best, close to 1, and "equipment and installation project" sub-project cost control effect is the worst, cost efficiency is only 0.76.3 from the three-level sub-task, "communication and control equipment and installation project" of the cost control. Cost efficiency is the highest, reaching 1.03; "construction land" and "construction management fee" are two sub-tasks, which are strictly carried out in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, so the cost efficiency is 1. The key direction of the system.
In view of the problems existing in the cost management of Hongxing wind farm, it is necessary to further improve the management level and strengthen the cost management work in the future. Specifically, we can proceed from the following aspects: first, to enhance the importance of project cost management; second, to effectively reduce waste; third, to establish a cost responsibility system; fourth, to actively apply for CDM items. Eyes.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61;F406.7

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