西藏生态脆弱区绿色矿业经济发展模式研究
发布时间：2018-08-31 16:25
【摘要】：西藏是青藏高原的主体,具有海拔高,地域辽阔,自然条件复杂,生态环境千差万别,脆弱生态环境表现出类型多、范围广、时空演变快等特点。既是我国极强度生态脆弱区,又是我国藏族人口聚居和相对贫困地区。同时,西藏地处独特的大地构造位置,具有良好的成矿地质条件,孕育了丰富的矿产资源。西藏矿业在为经济社会发展提供重要的能源和原材料保障的同时,对区域经济发展产生显著的影响,是本区国民经济发展的支柱产业之一,更是带动周边相关产业快速发展、体现本区经济水平与综合实力的核心动力与重要标志。从经济开发活动与生态环境演化的历史过程来看,生态环境是经济开发活动的物质基础,经济开发活动则是生态环境演化的主要动力来源。近几十年来,生态环境与人类活动之间的关系进一步加强,生态环境越来越深刻地受到人类经济开发活动的影响。因而,针对脆弱的生态环境,不是完全不进行开发利用和经济发展,而是如何顺应生态环境变化,适应脆弱的生态环境,最终达到避免其向不利方向进一步恶化,实现环境和当地人类生活的持续发展和改善。耦合在物理学上指的是两个(或两个以上)体系或运动形式之间通过各种相互作用而彼此影响的现象。具体落实到矿业开发与脆弱生态区的分布上,指的是矿业开发与脆弱生态环境两者间的相互联系、相互影响而产生的地理空间分布上的一致性。如何实现矿业开发与脆弱生态区分布的良性耦合,将有助于分析生态脆弱区矿业经济发展模式,并为生态脆弱区绿色矿业经济可持续发展提供决策依据。矿业经济与环境矛盾在贫困地区更集中突出地表现为生态环境脆弱性与矿业经济发展之间的矛盾。论文探索并归纳了绿色矿业经济发展的理论基础。系统地调查研究西藏自治区矿产资源开发利用现状,分析矿业对区域经济发展贡献力。在此基础上,界定并分析生态脆弱区特征,评价西藏生态脆弱度并进行区划,阐明不同脆弱区生态系统特征,分析生态环境脆弱区与矿业经济发展的良性耦合关系,提出绿色矿业经济增长的路径和发展模式。探讨西藏生态脆弱区矿业开发利用、生态环境保护和绿色矿业经济可持续发展的政策建议。论文主要研究内容如下:第1章绪论。阐述了论文选题目的和意义,从学术研究和应用的角度,对国内外绿色矿业经济发展领域进行了综述,提出了西藏生态脆弱区绿色矿业经济发展模式选题的重要意义,对论文研究的主要路线、思路、基本框架、野外调研和资料的收集整理、主要的研究方法、主要内容等进行了高度综合,并指出了论文中的关键创新点。第2章,探索并归纳出绿色矿业经济发展的理论基础。绿色矿业经济就是在矿业开发利用的过程中,以生态经济理论为指导,综合运用绿色矿业技术体系,在矿业开发利用过程中对环境扰动量不大于区域环境容量及其自净能力的前提下,优化配置矿产资源,达到经济最优、社区和谐、生态环境友好的一种经济形态。矿业开发利用必定会产生负的外部性,并且具有明显的双向效用,产生正、负两方面的价值,当ΔV0时,实现社会—经济—环境系统的综合价值最大化;产业生态学理论认为,矿业系统类似于生物界生态系统,将相关产业链联系成庞大的共生网络,在追求获得更高生产效率的同时,实现最低的废弃物的排放量,改善共生系统的稳定性、降低共生系统的风险、提高共生系统的防御性,从而优化生产和环境之间的相互作用。因此,以绿色矿业经济内涵及其特点为基础,综合外部性理论、绿色矿业价值理论和产业生态理论,共同构成了绿色矿业经济发展的理论基础。第3章,调研并分析西藏生态脆弱区矿业经济。西藏独特的大地构造环境和优越的成矿地质条件,孕育了丰富的矿产资源。西部大开发战略的实施和国土资源大调查工作的全面开展,提高了西藏地质矿产资源勘查程度,提出了成矿潜力区(带)。综合运用贡献力指标和计量经济学模型,对西藏矿业经济贡献力进行了系统分析。结果表明:在促进经济增长、提高全区GDP方面,西藏矿业工业总产值与GDP呈正相关关系,对全区经济发展具有显著影响,经济贡献力大;在改善全区就业情况方面并没有明显的促进作用,经济贡献力一般。随着矿业供给侧改革的深入,西藏矿业无论从推动GDP增长的角度,亦或是从改善全区就业情况的角度,均有待进一步提高。第4章,初步评价并区划西藏生态脆弱区。生态脆弱区是指具有环境自身结构性不稳定、对外部干扰因素反应较敏感因而在外界的干扰下易于向环境恶化的方向发展,且自我恢复力较差的生态环境区域。具有环境敏感性强,系统抗干扰能力弱、环境退化趋势明显、承载着重要的生态功能、经济发展的可持性差,政府公共服务能力弱和多种矛盾汇集的空间载体等特征。从“压力--状态--响应”思路出发,把生态敏感性(ES)、生态弹性(EE)和生态压力(EP)有机结合起来,构建了多目标、多层次的评价指标体系框架,形成了以综合指数方法、层次分析法和GIS相结合的生态环境脆弱性综合评价方法。依据西藏生态环境高、寒、干、荒、风、沙、陡的特点,设计评价指标体系,把西藏划分为藏北生态脆弱区;藏中、藏南生态脆弱区和藏东生态脆弱区,进行了成因细分,并对各生态脆弱区生态的空间分异规律进行阐述。第5章,提出西藏生态脆弱区绿色矿业开发模式。西藏的矿业经济活动必须与脆弱的生态环境高度良性的耦合,实施不同的开发思路和模式。以绿色矿业开发概念模式为指导,在空间上构建本地转化和异地转化的矿业开发空间转化模式。在此基础上,提出了固体优势矿产的“矿山+矿区+工业园”开发模式,地热矿产开发可采用的“地热发电与地热能直接利用”双模式,矿泉水开发的“研发-产业-文化一体化”模式,矿井水宜采用的“地下-地上循环处理回用”模式以及盐湖矿产资源的“研发-矿区试验”模式,实现西藏绿色矿业经济的可持续发展。第6章,提出促进西藏生态脆弱区绿色矿业经济发展建议。西藏是重要的国家安全屏障,也是重要的生态安全屏障、重要的战略资源储备基地,而矿业是西藏重要的经济增长点。要实现绿色矿业经济,转变矿业发展模式,必须加强地质矿产资源和水工环勘查力度,查明矿产资源家底,提交优势矿产资源基地,规范矿业权市场及其管理;科学规划绿色矿山建设,多角度、全方位创建绿色矿山示范区;明确西藏国有地勘单位作用,积极推进体制和机制改革,建实建强公益性地勘队伍,理顺技术和人才援藏渠道,积极采用内培外引的措施,加强矿业人才队伍建设。本文主要存在以下创新之处:1.揭示了西藏生态脆弱区矿业经济贡献力西藏独特的大地构造环境和优越的成矿地质条件,孕育了丰富的矿产资源。西部大开发战略的实施和国土资源大调查工作的全面开展,提高了西藏地质矿产资源勘查程度,提出了成矿潜力区(带)。综合运用贡献力指标和计量经济学模型,对西藏矿业经济贡献力进行了系统分析。结果表明:在促进经济增长、提高全区GDP方面,西藏矿业工业总产值与GDP呈正相关关系,对全区经济发展具有显著影响,经济贡献力大;在改善全区就业情况方面并没有明显的促进作用,经济贡献力一般。随着矿业供给侧改革的深入,西藏矿业无论从推动GDP增长的角度,亦或是从改善全区就业情况的角度,均有待进一步提高。2.初步评价并区划西藏生态脆弱区生态脆弱区是指具有环境自身结构性不稳定、对外部干扰因素反应较敏感因而在外界的干扰下易于向环境恶化的方向发展,且自我恢复力较差的生态环境区域。具有环境敏感性强,系统抗干扰能力弱、环境退化趋势明显、承载着重要的生态功能、经济发展的可持性差,政府公共服务能力弱和多种矛盾汇集的空间载体等特征。从“压力--状态--响应”思路出发,把生态敏感性(ES)、生态弹性(EE)和生态压力(EP)有机结合起来,构建了多目标、多层次的评价指标体系框架,形成了以综合指数方法、层次分析法和GIS相结合的生态环境脆弱性综合评价方法。依据西藏生态环境高、寒、干、荒、风、沙、陡的特点,设计评价指标体系,把西藏划分为藏北生态脆弱区;藏中、藏南生态脆弱区和藏东生态脆弱区,进行了成因细分,并对各生态脆弱区生态的空间分异规律进行了归纳总结。3.构建西藏生态脆弱区绿色矿业开发模式西藏的矿业经济活动必须与脆弱的生态环境高度良性的耦合,实施不同的开发思路和模式。对于生态脆弱度强,矿产资源勘查程度较低,属于中小型的矿产地或矿山,应运用储备模式,形成国家或区域重要的战略资源储备基地;对于生态脆弱度较低,矿产资源勘查程度高,属于大型或超大型矿产地和优势矿种、对于国家急需或战略新兴矿产,应有计划、分阶段地实施绿色开发利用,建立国家级矿产资源基地。以绿色矿业经济理论基础和绿色矿业开发模式为指导,在空间上构建本地转化和异地转化的矿业开发空间转化模式。在此基础上,提出了固体优势矿产的“矿山+矿区+工业园”开发模式,地热矿产开发“地热发电与地热能直接利用”双模式,矿泉水开发的“研发-产业-文化一体化”模式,矿井水的“地下-地上循环处理回用”模式以及盐湖矿产资源的“研发-矿区试验”模式,实现西藏绿色矿业经济的可持续发展。4.提出促进西藏生态脆弱区矿业经济发展建议矿业是西藏生态脆弱区重要的经济增长点。要实现绿色矿业经济,转变矿业发展模式,必须加强地质矿产资源和水工环勘查力度,查明矿产资源家底,提交优势矿产资源基地,规范矿业权市场及其管理;科学规划绿色矿山建设,多角度、全方位创建绿色矿山示范区;明确西藏国有地勘单位作用,积极推进体制和机制改革,建实建强公益性地勘队伍,理顺技术和人才援藏渠道,积极采用内培外引的措施,加大矿业人才队伍建设。
[Abstract]:Tibet is the main body of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with high altitude, vast territory, complex natural conditions, diverse ecological environment, fragile ecological environment shows a wide range of types, a wide range of space-time evolution and other characteristics. It is not only China's extremely ecological fragile areas, but also China's Tibetan population and relatively poor areas. At the same time, Tibet is located in a unique land. The Tibetan mining industry, while providing important energy and raw materials for economic and social development, has a significant impact on regional economic development. It is one of the pillar industries in the region's national economic development, and promotes the rapid development of related industries in the surrounding areas. From the historical process of economic development and ecological environment evolution, ecological environment is the material basis of economic development activities, while economic development activities are the main driving force for the evolution of ecological environment. As the relationship is further strengthened, the ecological environment is more and more profoundly affected by human economic development activities. Therefore, in view of the fragile ecological environment, it is not necessary to make full use of and develop the economy, but how to adapt to the changes of the ecological environment, adapt to the fragile ecological environment, and ultimately avoid further deterioration in the unfavorable direction. Coupling refers physically to the phenomenon that two (or more) systems or forms of movement interact with each other through various interactions. Coupling refers to the interaction between mining development and the distribution of fragile ecological areas. How to realize the benign coupling between mining development and the distribution of fragile ecological areas will be helpful to analyze the development model of mining economy in ecologically fragile areas and provide decision-making basis for the sustainable development of green mining economy in ecologically fragile areas. This paper explores and summarizes the theoretical basis for the development of green mining economy. It systematically investigates and studies the present situation of mineral resources development and utilization in Tibet Autonomous Region, and analyzes the contribution of mining industry to regional economic development. The characteristics of vulnerable areas are evaluated and zoned. The characteristics of ecosystems in different vulnerable areas are clarified. The positive coupling relationship between eco-environment vulnerable areas and mining economic development is analyzed. The path and development model of green mining economic growth are put forward. Mining development and utilization, eco-environment protection and green development in Tibet's ecologically vulnerable areas are discussed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction. The topics and significance of this paper are expounded. From the perspective of academic research and application, the fields of green mining economic development at home and abroad are summarized. The significance of selecting the topics of green mining economic development model in ecologically fragile areas of Tibet is put forward. The main route, train of thought, basic frame, field investigation, data collection and arrangement, main research methods and main contents of the paper are highly integrated, and the key innovation points are pointed out. Chapter 2 explores and summarizes the theoretical basis of the development of green mining economy. Green mining economy is the development and utilization of mining industry. Under the guidance of eco-economic theory and comprehensive application of green mining technology system, mineral resources are allocated optimally under the premise that the disturbance to the environment is not greater than the regional environmental capacity and self-purification capacity in the process of mining development and utilization, so as to achieve an economic form of optimum economy, harmonious community and friendly ecological environment. Utilization is bound to produce negative externalities, and has obvious two-way effects, producing positive and negative values. When V0, the comprehensive value of the social-economic-environmental system will be maximized. According to the theory of industrial ecology, the mining system is similar to the ecosystem of the biological world, linking the relevant industrial chains into a huge symbiotic network. In order to achieve higher production efficiency, at the same time to achieve the lowest waste emissions, improve the stability of the symbiotic system, reduce the risk of the symbiotic system, improve the defensiveness of the symbiotic system, so as to optimize the interaction between production and environment. The theory of mining value and the theory of industrial ecology together constitute the theoretical basis for the development of green mining economy. Chapter 3 investigates and analyzes the mining economy in ecologically fragile areas of Tibet. The unique tectonic environment and advantageous metallogenic geological conditions in Tibet have bred abundant mineral resources. The implementation of the strategy of developing the western region and the major adjustment of land and resources. The overall development of the investigation has improved the exploration degree of geological and mineral resources in Tibet, and put forward the metallogenic potential area (belt). The contribution index and econometric model are used to analyze systematically the economic contribution of Tibet's mining industry. With the deepening of the reform on the supply side of the mining industry, Tibet's mining industry needs to be improved either from the perspective of promoting GDP growth or from the perspective of improving the employment situation in the whole region. Chapter 4, preliminary assessment and zoning of ecologically fragile areas in Tibet. Ecologically fragile areas refer to ecologically fragile areas with unstable environment structure and sensitive response to external disturbances, which are prone to environmental deterioration under external disturbances and have poor self-resilience. The system is characterized by weak anti-interference ability, obvious tendency of environmental degradation, bearing important ecological functions, poor sustainability of economic development, weak government public service ability and space carrier of various contradictions. Based on the characteristics of high, cold, dry, barren, windy, Sandy and steep ecological environment in Tibet, an evaluation index system was designed to divide Tibet into ecologically fragile areas in northern Tibet. Chapter 5 puts forward the development model of green mining industry in Tibet's ecologically fragile areas. Tibet's mining economic activities must be highly benign coupled with the fragile ecological environment and implement different development ideas and methods. Guided by the conceptual model of green mining development, the spatial transformation model of local transformation and off-site transformation of mining development is constructed. On this basis, the development model of "mine + mining area + industrial park" for solid mineral resources is put forward, and the dual model of "geothermal power generation and direct utilization of geothermal energy" can be adopted for geothermal mineral development. The sustainable development of Tibet's green mining economy can be realized by the "R&D-industry-culture integration" model of mineral water development, the "underground-ground recycling treatment and reuse" model of mine water and the "R&D-mining area test" model of Salt Lake mineral resources. Chapter 6 proposes to promote the development of green mining economy in Tibet's ecologically fragile areas. Suggestions: Tibet is an important national security barrier, an important ecological security barrier, an important strategic resource reserve base, and mining is an important economic growth point in Tibet. In order to realize the green mining economy and change the mining development model, it is necessary to strengthen the exploration of geological mineral resources and hydraulic environment, find out the mineral resources'background, and submit excellence. Potential mineral resources base, standardize mining rights market and management; scientific planning of green mine construction, multi-angle, all-round creation of green mine demonstration area; clear the role of Tibet's state-owned geological prospecting units, actively promote the reform of the system and mechanism, build a strong public welfare geological prospecting team, straighten out the channels for technical and talent assistance, and actively adopt internal training and external quotation The main innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. The unique tectonic environment and favorable metallogenic geological conditions in Tibet have been revealed, and rich mineral resources have been bred. The implementation of the western development strategy and the overall opening of the land and resources survey have been carried out. The results show that the total output value of Tibet's mining industry is positively correlated with GDP in promoting economic growth and increasing GDP of the whole region. With the deepening of the reform on the supply side of the mining industry, Tibet's mining industry needs to be further improved in terms of both promoting GDP growth and improving employment in the whole region. 2. Evaluating and dividing the ecologically fragile areas step by step refers to the ecologically fragile areas in Tibet, which are characterized by unstable environment structure, sensitive to external disturbance factors and tend to develop towards environmental deterioration under external disturbance, and have poor self-restoring ability. The degradation trend is obvious, bearing important ecological functions, the sustainability of economic development is poor, the government's public service capacity is weak and the space carriers of various contradictions converge. According to the characteristics of Tibet's high, cold, dry, barren, wind, sand and steep ecological environment, an evaluation index system was designed to divide Tibet into ecologically fragile areas in northern Tibet, ecologically fragile areas in central and southern Tibet and Eastern Tibet. The ecological fragile areas are subdivided into several causes, and the spatial differentiation laws of the ecological fragile areas are summarized. 3. The mining economic activities in Tibet must be highly benign coupled with the fragile ecological environment to implement different development ideas and models. Strong degree and low degree of exploration of mineral resources, belonging to small and medium-sized mineral areas or mines, should use the reserve model to form an important national or regional strategic resource reserve base; for low ecological fragility, high degree of exploration of mineral resources, belonging to large or super-large mineral areas and superior mineral species, for the country urgently needs or strategic emerging minerals, It should be planned to implement green development and utilization in stages and establish a national-level mineral resource base. Guided by the economic theory of green mining and the development model of green mining, a spatial transformation model of mining development for local transformation and off-site transformation should be constructed in space. On this basis, the "mine + mining area + industry" of solid superior minerals was put forward. The development model of industrial park, the dual model of geothermal power generation and direct utilization of geothermal energy for geothermal mineral development, the model of "R&D-industry-culture integration" for mineral water development, the model of "underground-ground recycling treatment and reuse" for mine water, and the model of "R&D-mining area test" for mineral resources in salt lakes will help realize the green mining economy in Tibet. Suggestions on Promoting the Development of Mining Economy in Ecologically Fragile Areas in Tibet
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.1
[Abstract]:Tibet is the main body of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with high altitude, vast territory, complex natural conditions, diverse ecological environment, fragile ecological environment shows a wide range of types, a wide range of space-time evolution and other characteristics. It is not only China's extremely ecological fragile areas, but also China's Tibetan population and relatively poor areas. At the same time, Tibet is located in a unique land. The Tibetan mining industry, while providing important energy and raw materials for economic and social development, has a significant impact on regional economic development. It is one of the pillar industries in the region's national economic development, and promotes the rapid development of related industries in the surrounding areas. From the historical process of economic development and ecological environment evolution, ecological environment is the material basis of economic development activities, while economic development activities are the main driving force for the evolution of ecological environment. As the relationship is further strengthened, the ecological environment is more and more profoundly affected by human economic development activities. Therefore, in view of the fragile ecological environment, it is not necessary to make full use of and develop the economy, but how to adapt to the changes of the ecological environment, adapt to the fragile ecological environment, and ultimately avoid further deterioration in the unfavorable direction. Coupling refers physically to the phenomenon that two (or more) systems or forms of movement interact with each other through various interactions. Coupling refers to the interaction between mining development and the distribution of fragile ecological areas. How to realize the benign coupling between mining development and the distribution of fragile ecological areas will be helpful to analyze the development model of mining economy in ecologically fragile areas and provide decision-making basis for the sustainable development of green mining economy in ecologically fragile areas. This paper explores and summarizes the theoretical basis for the development of green mining economy. It systematically investigates and studies the present situation of mineral resources development and utilization in Tibet Autonomous Region, and analyzes the contribution of mining industry to regional economic development. The characteristics of vulnerable areas are evaluated and zoned. The characteristics of ecosystems in different vulnerable areas are clarified. The positive coupling relationship between eco-environment vulnerable areas and mining economic development is analyzed. The path and development model of green mining economic growth are put forward. Mining development and utilization, eco-environment protection and green development in Tibet's ecologically vulnerable areas are discussed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction. The topics and significance of this paper are expounded. From the perspective of academic research and application, the fields of green mining economic development at home and abroad are summarized. The significance of selecting the topics of green mining economic development model in ecologically fragile areas of Tibet is put forward. The main route, train of thought, basic frame, field investigation, data collection and arrangement, main research methods and main contents of the paper are highly integrated, and the key innovation points are pointed out. Chapter 2 explores and summarizes the theoretical basis of the development of green mining economy. Green mining economy is the development and utilization of mining industry. Under the guidance of eco-economic theory and comprehensive application of green mining technology system, mineral resources are allocated optimally under the premise that the disturbance to the environment is not greater than the regional environmental capacity and self-purification capacity in the process of mining development and utilization, so as to achieve an economic form of optimum economy, harmonious community and friendly ecological environment. Utilization is bound to produce negative externalities, and has obvious two-way effects, producing positive and negative values. When V0, the comprehensive value of the social-economic-environmental system will be maximized. According to the theory of industrial ecology, the mining system is similar to the ecosystem of the biological world, linking the relevant industrial chains into a huge symbiotic network. In order to achieve higher production efficiency, at the same time to achieve the lowest waste emissions, improve the stability of the symbiotic system, reduce the risk of the symbiotic system, improve the defensiveness of the symbiotic system, so as to optimize the interaction between production and environment. The theory of mining value and the theory of industrial ecology together constitute the theoretical basis for the development of green mining economy. Chapter 3 investigates and analyzes the mining economy in ecologically fragile areas of Tibet. The unique tectonic environment and advantageous metallogenic geological conditions in Tibet have bred abundant mineral resources. The implementation of the strategy of developing the western region and the major adjustment of land and resources. The overall development of the investigation has improved the exploration degree of geological and mineral resources in Tibet, and put forward the metallogenic potential area (belt). The contribution index and econometric model are used to analyze systematically the economic contribution of Tibet's mining industry. With the deepening of the reform on the supply side of the mining industry, Tibet's mining industry needs to be improved either from the perspective of promoting GDP growth or from the perspective of improving the employment situation in the whole region. Chapter 4, preliminary assessment and zoning of ecologically fragile areas in Tibet. Ecologically fragile areas refer to ecologically fragile areas with unstable environment structure and sensitive response to external disturbances, which are prone to environmental deterioration under external disturbances and have poor self-resilience. The system is characterized by weak anti-interference ability, obvious tendency of environmental degradation, bearing important ecological functions, poor sustainability of economic development, weak government public service ability and space carrier of various contradictions. Based on the characteristics of high, cold, dry, barren, windy, Sandy and steep ecological environment in Tibet, an evaluation index system was designed to divide Tibet into ecologically fragile areas in northern Tibet. Chapter 5 puts forward the development model of green mining industry in Tibet's ecologically fragile areas. Tibet's mining economic activities must be highly benign coupled with the fragile ecological environment and implement different development ideas and methods. Guided by the conceptual model of green mining development, the spatial transformation model of local transformation and off-site transformation of mining development is constructed. On this basis, the development model of "mine + mining area + industrial park" for solid mineral resources is put forward, and the dual model of "geothermal power generation and direct utilization of geothermal energy" can be adopted for geothermal mineral development. The sustainable development of Tibet's green mining economy can be realized by the "R&D-industry-culture integration" model of mineral water development, the "underground-ground recycling treatment and reuse" model of mine water and the "R&D-mining area test" model of Salt Lake mineral resources. Chapter 6 proposes to promote the development of green mining economy in Tibet's ecologically fragile areas. Suggestions: Tibet is an important national security barrier, an important ecological security barrier, an important strategic resource reserve base, and mining is an important economic growth point in Tibet. In order to realize the green mining economy and change the mining development model, it is necessary to strengthen the exploration of geological mineral resources and hydraulic environment, find out the mineral resources'background, and submit excellence. Potential mineral resources base, standardize mining rights market and management; scientific planning of green mine construction, multi-angle, all-round creation of green mine demonstration area; clear the role of Tibet's state-owned geological prospecting units, actively promote the reform of the system and mechanism, build a strong public welfare geological prospecting team, straighten out the channels for technical and talent assistance, and actively adopt internal training and external quotation The main innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. The unique tectonic environment and favorable metallogenic geological conditions in Tibet have been revealed, and rich mineral resources have been bred. The implementation of the western development strategy and the overall opening of the land and resources survey have been carried out. The results show that the total output value of Tibet's mining industry is positively correlated with GDP in promoting economic growth and increasing GDP of the whole region. With the deepening of the reform on the supply side of the mining industry, Tibet's mining industry needs to be further improved in terms of both promoting GDP growth and improving employment in the whole region. 2. Evaluating and dividing the ecologically fragile areas step by step refers to the ecologically fragile areas in Tibet, which are characterized by unstable environment structure, sensitive to external disturbance factors and tend to develop towards environmental deterioration under external disturbance, and have poor self-restoring ability. The degradation trend is obvious, bearing important ecological functions, the sustainability of economic development is poor, the government's public service capacity is weak and the space carriers of various contradictions converge. According to the characteristics of Tibet's high, cold, dry, barren, wind, sand and steep ecological environment, an evaluation index system was designed to divide Tibet into ecologically fragile areas in northern Tibet, ecologically fragile areas in central and southern Tibet and Eastern Tibet. The ecological fragile areas are subdivided into several causes, and the spatial differentiation laws of the ecological fragile areas are summarized. 3. The mining economic activities in Tibet must be highly benign coupled with the fragile ecological environment to implement different development ideas and models. Strong degree and low degree of exploration of mineral resources, belonging to small and medium-sized mineral areas or mines, should use the reserve model to form an important national or regional strategic resource reserve base; for low ecological fragility, high degree of exploration of mineral resources, belonging to large or super-large mineral areas and superior mineral species, for the country urgently needs or strategic emerging minerals, It should be planned to implement green development and utilization in stages and establish a national-level mineral resource base. Guided by the economic theory of green mining and the development model of green mining, a spatial transformation model of mining development for local transformation and off-site transformation should be constructed in space. On this basis, the "mine + mining area + industry" of solid superior minerals was put forward. The development model of industrial park, the dual model of geothermal power generation and direct utilization of geothermal energy for geothermal mineral development, the model of "R&D-industry-culture integration" for mineral water development, the model of "underground-ground recycling treatment and reuse" for mine water, and the model of "R&D-mining area test" for mineral resources in salt lakes will help realize the green mining economy in Tibet. Suggestions on Promoting the Development of Mining Economy in Ecologically Fragile Areas in Tibet
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.1
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1 通讯员 朱建军 刘金R，
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