我国东北地区城市化水平研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 12:53

【摘要】：东北地区的城市化水平曾经是全国水平最高、速度最快的地区之一。然而近年来,东北地区经济增速缓慢,经济状况间接影响了城市化的进程。虽然我国政府出台了一系列振兴东北老工业基地等政策,也确实取得了一定的成绩,但东北地区城市化方面仍旧问题不少。本文笔者采用定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法。首先,通过对城市化与人口城市化的概念进行界定,进而梳理了城市化的相关理论,以及对城市化水平和质量测度的相关文献进行了梳理,为本文后续定量研究建立评价指标体系提供了基础。其次,本文分析了我国人口城市化进程和东北地区人口城市化进程,并运用管理学的SWOT方法,分析了现阶段东北地区在城市化发展中的自身优势(资源、经济、交通、区位等方面)和劣势(经济结构、人口结构等方面)。在此基础上,笔者分析了东北地区城市化存在起点高增速慢、人口净迁出严重、城市化水平虚高等方面的问题。进而,笔者选取了东北地区34个城市作为研究对象,建立了包含24个指标的城市化质量指标体系,运用模糊评价方法,对所选城市进行了综合评价。结果显示,在物质质量方面,辽宁省城市排名靠前,前10名占6个;黑龙江省城市排名相对靠后,除哈尔滨和大庆外,大部分城市排名在20名之外。大连、沈阳、长春和哈尔滨作为第一梯队城市,其得分在0.45分以上,且大连市远高于其他城市。这些城市作为东北地区区域经济的中心,在财政投入、固定资产投资、使用外资等方面优势明显。在精神文明方面指标的研究结果与物质质量的研究结果类似。这说明作为区域经济中心的城市,在提升城市精神文明方面的投入也远高于其他城市。生态质量方面,虽然东北地区是老工业基地,资源型城市居多,但整体上在污染治理方面取得了良好的效果。在空间质量方面,先前第一梯队的城市,交通可达性是别的城市无法比拟的。人口质量方面,长春市排第一,作为区域的教育文化中心,其人口在健康程度和受教育程度方面远超其他城市。基于上述分析,本文提出几项改善城市化水平的建议:建议东北地区各级政府和有关部门能抓住发展机遇,努力提升城市群的整体实力;改善经济环境,鼓励民营经济大力发展,尽量减少本区域的人才外流;完善本区域的基础设施建设,提高本区域的城市承载能力;加快东北地区各省及各城市产业结构的转型升级。
[Abstract]:The level of urbanization in Northeast China was once one of the highest and fastest in the country. However, in recent years, the economic growth rate in Northeast China is slow, and the economic situation has indirectly affected the process of urbanization. Although our government has issued a series of policies, such as revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China, and has made some achievements, there are still many problems in urbanization in Northeast China. The author combines qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis. First of all, by defining the concept of urbanization and population urbanization, and then combing the relevant theories of urbanization, as well as the level of urbanization and quality measurement of relevant literature combing. It provides the foundation for the quantitative research of this paper to establish the evaluation index system. Secondly, this paper analyzes the process of population urbanization in China and the process of population urbanization in Northeast China, and analyzes its own advantages (resources, economy, transportation) in the urbanization development of Northeast China at the present stage by using the SWOT method of management. Location and inferiority (economic structure, demographic structure, etc.) On this basis, the author analyzes the problems of urbanization in Northeast China in such aspects as high starting point, slow growth rate, serious net migration of population and high level of urbanization. Furthermore, the author selects 34 cities in Northeast China as the research object, establishes the urbanization quality index system including 24 indexes, and carries on the comprehensive evaluation to the selected city by using the fuzzy evaluation method. The results showed that Liaoning Province was the top city in terms of material quality, the top 10 cities accounted for 6, and Heilongjiang Province ranked relatively low, except Harbin and Daqing, most cities ranked in 20 places. Dalian, Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin are the top cities with scores above 0.45, and Dalian is much higher than other cities. As the center of regional economy in Northeast China, these cities have obvious advantages in financial investment, fixed assets investment and foreign investment. The results of the research on spiritual civilization are similar to those of material quality. This suggests that cities, as regional economic centers, invest much more in promoting urban spiritual civilization than in other cities. In terms of ecological quality, although Northeast China is an old industrial base and a resource-based city, it has achieved good results in pollution control on the whole. In terms of space quality, the transport accessibility of the first tier of cities was unmatched by other cities. As a regional center of education and culture, the population of Changchun is far superior to other cities in terms of health and education. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward several suggestions to improve the level of urbanization: it is suggested that all levels of government and relevant departments in Northeast China can seize the opportunity of development, strive to enhance the overall strength of urban agglomerations, and improve the economic environment. We should encourage the private economy to develop vigorously, reduce the brain drain of the region as far as possible, perfect the infrastructure construction of the region, increase the carrying capacity of the cities in the region, and speed up the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure of the provinces and cities in the Northeast region.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F299.27

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