成都郊区生活垃圾特性研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 18:51

【摘要】：大面积的城郊作为快速城市化进程的必然产物,城郊生活垃圾的特性和处理不容忽视。而生活垃圾的产生量及组分特征,往往因地区气候、生活方式和水平、区域经济发展水平等的不同而存在较大差异,因此城郊生活垃圾的性质应与城市和农村垃圾有所不同。只有准确掌握垃圾的特性,才能为城郊生活垃圾的分类、管理与处置提供科学依据,然而研究城郊地区生活垃圾性质的报道还十分有限。本研究选择成都郊区生活垃圾为主要研究对象,以市区和农村生活垃圾作为对比,研究了成都城郊的生活垃圾的含水率、物理组成、热值、灰分、可燃分和重金属污染物含量等性质,并提出了可行的城郊生活垃圾处理处置方案。研究得到的结论如下：(1)成都地区生活垃圾含水率在47.8%-64.2%之间。城郊垃圾含水率稍低且夏季(54.0%-59.8%)高于冬季(47.8%-54.1%),市区垃圾含水率较高且冬夏稳定(57.2%-63.1%),农村垃圾夏季含水率最高(59.4%-64.2%)。(2)在物理组成方面,成都郊区和市区、农村冬夏季的生活垃圾中均是餐厨垃圾含量最多,且在同一区域内冬季高于夏季。与城郊和农村相比,市区的餐厨垃圾冬夏季含量均较高,最高达66.6%。除第一大组分餐厨外,在城郊依次是尘土(15.3%-27.6%)、不可回收塑料,餐纸和包装纸；在市区其他主要垃圾组分依次是不可回收塑料(6.8%-16.5%)、餐纸、尘土和包装纸；在农村地区则依次为尘土(4.0%-31.4%)、不可回收塑料、餐纸和树叶。(3)成都城郊和市区、农村的生活垃圾冬夏季重金属污染物的特性研究发现：成都地区生活垃圾重金属浓度普遍高于当地土壤背景值且呈现出夏季高于冬季的趋势；无论冬夏三区垃圾中最主要的重金属污染均为Se (0.3-1.1mg/kg)、Cd (0.3-0.9mg/kg)和Cu (24.9-152.6mg/kg),而其他重金属污染物如Pb、Hg和Cr在三区垃圾中的污染强弱顺序差异较大。通过Pearson相关性分析以及测定垃圾主成份中重金属浓度来研究重金属污染物的来源,结果显示：三区生活垃圾中Cd主要源于餐厨、尘土和塑料,Se可能源于废弃的电子产品,Cu和Zn源于尘土和印刷制品；市区垃圾中的Pb主要源于尘土、塑料和印刷制品；城郊垃圾中Cr和Se的主要来源于尘土,而Hg主要来源于餐厨和尘土；农村垃圾中Cr主要源于污水灌溉。(4)城郊生活垃圾具有可堆肥比例高和易燃组分含量低的特点,且占垃圾比例较大的尘土组份中重金属含量较高。所以,建议郊区垃圾在控制重金属污染的前提下,对餐厨、餐纸和树叶组份做资源化利用处理,不可回收塑料、包装纸和尘土组分进行卫生填埋,可回收组分则加以回收利用。
[Abstract]:As the inevitable outcome of rapid urbanization, the characteristics and disposal of suburban domestic waste can not be ignored. However, the quantity and component characteristics of MSW are often different with the regional climate, lifestyle and level, and the level of regional economic development. Therefore, the nature of MSW in the suburbs should be different from that in urban and rural areas. Only by accurately grasping the characteristics of garbage can we provide a scientific basis for the classification, management and disposal of municipal solid waste. However, there are limited reports on the study of the nature of municipal solid waste in suburban areas. In this study, the municipal solid waste (MSW) in the suburbs of Chengdu was selected as the main research object, and the moisture content, physical composition, calorific value, ash content of the MSW in the suburbs of Chengdu were studied by comparing the municipal solid waste with the rural MSW. The combustible content and heavy metal pollutant content are also discussed, and a feasible disposal scheme for municipal solid waste (MSW) is put forward. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the moisture content of municipal solid waste in Chengdu is between 47.8% and 64.2%. The moisture content of municipal solid waste was slightly lower and higher in summer (54.0% -59.8%) than in winter (47.8% -54.1%). The moisture content of municipal solid waste was high and stable in winter and summer (57.2% -63.1%). The highest moisture content (59.4% -64.2%). (_ 2) in summer was found in rural garbage. In terms of physical composition, the content of kitchen garbage was the highest in Chengdu suburb, urban area and rural areas in winter and summer. And winter is higher than summer in the same area. Compared with suburban and rural areas, the content of kitchen garbage in urban areas is higher in winter and summer, the highest is 66. 6%. In addition to the first part of the kitchen, in the suburbs in turn is dust (15.3- 27.6%), non-recyclable plastic, meal paper and wrapping paper; Other major waste components in the urban area are, in turn, non-recyclable plastics (6.8- 16.5%), meal paper, dust and wrapping paper; In rural areas, dust (4.0% -31.4%), non-recyclable plastic, meal paper and leaves. (3) Chengdu suburbs and urban areas, The characteristics of heavy metal pollutants in rural domestic waste in winter and summer showed that the concentration of heavy metals in Chengdu was generally higher than the local soil background value and showed a trend of higher in summer than in winter. Se (0.3-1.1mg/kg), Cd (0.3-0.9mg/kg) and Cu (24.9-152.6mg/kg) were the most important heavy metal pollution in garbage in winter and summer, while other heavy metal pollutants such as Pb,. The pollution order of Hg and Cr in the waste of three areas is quite different. The sources of heavy metal pollutants were studied by means of Pearson correlation analysis and determination of heavy metal concentration in the main components of garbage. The results showed that Cd in MSW mainly originated from kitchen, dust and plastics, and Se probably originated from discarded electronic products. Cu and Zn are derived from dust and printing; The main sources of Pb in urban garbage are dust, plastic and printing products, Cr and Se in suburban garbage are mainly derived from dust, while Hg comes mainly from cooking and dust. The main source of Cr in rural garbage is sewage irrigation. (4) the composting ratio of municipal solid waste is high and the combustible component is low, and the heavy metal content in the dust is higher. Therefore, it is suggested that the garbage in suburban areas should be used as a resource for kitchen, meal paper and leaf components on the premise of controlling heavy metal pollution, and not recyclable plastic, wrapping paper and dust components should be used in sanitary landfills, and recyclable components should be recycled.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X799.3

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