环境犯罪的预防与惩罚

发布时间：2019-02-19 14:03

【摘要】：人类与环境的关系十分复杂，社会在不断向前发展，世界经济一体化加强，区域经济开放扩大，经济结构虽然发生了变化，但是人们向自然索取的能力愈来愈强。新的经济环境下要求资源利用与开发水平提高，人们大量挖掘地球的资源，砍伐森林，破坏珍贵野生动物，使得它们居无定所，人们在享受着丰盛物质回报的同时却也品尝着大自然带来的各种苦果。环境破坏的同时隐藏着各种各样潜在的环境风险，各种突发性环境事故增多，地震和洪涝等自然灾害频发，雾霾天气侵袭全国，造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失，到目前为止,全国性雾霾天气的侵袭造成人们各种疾病的突发，黄河上游漂流的成千死猪造成了严重的水污染，引发各种环境灾难。尤其今年，我国发生石油管道爆炸，原油损失千万元，人员伤亡惨重，水土污染和汽车尾气的排放严重超过环境所能负担的，导致雾霾天气增多，间接引起的自然灾害数不胜数，中小企业的化工排泄不达标，使得环境污染事故频繁发生，由于环境突发事件的紧急和不可预测，使得人们很难积极应对，不能有效减少损失的扩大，给人们生活造成严重的危险隐患，不仅是财产上带来重大损失，也给经济的发展和社会的和谐带来了很多不稳定的因素，如果人们继续的破坏自然资源环境，后果将不堪设想。现在各国的环境问题严重，大多采用单独立法或在行政法中规定环境处罚，形成了很强的依附性，但是仍然不能起到很好的作用，破坏环境的行为仍然存在，重大环境事故经常发生，尤其放射性物质的泄露，例如日本地震后的核污染问题和海上石油泄露造成的油污就是很好的例子，为忽略环境保护的人们敲响了警钟，为子孙后代造成隐患。我国虽然地大物博，自然资源充足，，但是人类肆无忌惮的索取也终将会枯竭，尤其最近几年，经济的发展速度过快，对于自然资源的索取也超速发展，在我国很多煤矿地区出现了土地塌陷问题，长江黄河的濒临物种几乎灭绝，南方地区出现土地裂缝，所有的这一切都与我们不珍惜资源，浪费资源和污染资源有关。我国水土等自然资源的污染和破坏十分严重，有害物质的排放和重大突发灾害不能得到有效治理和预防，因为污染严重造成的重大环境事故不断上演，为了改变这一现状，我国应当积极对于损害环境的行为进行严格的制裁。虽然我国在环境立法上不断完善，相继推出许多相关的环境法律条文规定。但是我国对环境犯罪的立法不够成熟，缺乏完整环境犯罪处罚机制，造成环境事件爆发后，行政处罚不及时，以至于不能起到震慑作用。我们必须清楚地认识到，在我国，政府官员和公民环境意识，风险意识和危机意识很弱，人们基本上认识不到自己的行为会为以后的生活带来多少副作用，也不会为子孙后代考虑到未来的环境危机，所以加强环境立法和建立合理的惩罚机制迫在眉睫。本文将对我国环境犯罪刑事法律规定进行系统分析，首先从环境犯罪的演进历程探寻其产生的根源。借鉴国内外学者的研究经验教训，探索惩治环境犯罪的对策。其次，从环境犯罪的体系规定和处罚等方面分析我国环境犯罪立法存在的不足，对我国环境犯罪的预防和立法提出建议，以便对促进我国环境犯罪立法的研究有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The relationship between the human and the environment is very complex, the society is developing continuously, the economic integration of the world is strengthened, the economic opening of the region is enlarged, the economic structure has changed, but the ability of people to request nature is getting stronger and stronger. Under the new economic environment, the utilization and development level of the resources is improved, and the resources of the earth, the deforestation and the destruction of the precious wild animals are greatly mined, so that the people of the earth, while enjoying the return of the abundant material, also taste the various bitter fruits of the nature. the environment is destroyed, various potential environmental risks are hidden, various sudden environmental accidents are increased, natural disasters such as earthquake and flood and the like are frequent, the haze weather is affected by the whole country, and the heavy casualties and the property damage are caused, so far, The invasion of the national haze weather has caused various diseases, and the thousands of dead pigs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River have caused serious water pollution and caused various environmental disasters. in particular, that oil pipeline explosion in our country this year, the loss of crude oil is ten thousand yuan, the personnel are heavy, the water and soil pollution and the emission of the tail gas of the automobile are more than the energy that the environment can bear, resulting in the increase of the haze and the number of natural disasters caused by the indirect cause. the chemical discharge of the small and medium-sized enterprises is not up to the standard, so that the environmental pollution accidents happen frequently, It is not only a great loss in the property, but also to the development of the economy and the harmony of the society. If people continue to destroy the natural resources environment, the consequences will be unimaginable. At present, the environmental problems of all countries are serious, most of them adopt separate legislation or impose the environment punishment in administrative law, and form strong dependence, but still can not play a very good role, the act of destroying the environment still exists, and major environmental accidents often occur, In particular, the leakage of radioactive material, such as the nuclear pollution problem after the earthquake in Japan and the oil pollution caused by the oil leakage at sea, is a good example. It is a wake-up call for people who ignore the environmental protection, which can cause hidden trouble for future generations. Although there are abundant natural resources and abundant natural resources in China, the unscrupulous acquisition of human resources will eventually be exhausted, especially in recent years, the economic development speed is too fast, and the request for natural resources is over-speed development, and the land collapse in many coal mine areas in China The endangered species of the Yellow River in the Yangtze River are almost extinct, and there is a land crack in the southern region. The pollution and destruction of natural resources such as water and soil in China are very serious, and the emission of harmful substances and major sudden disasters cannot be effectively managed and prevented, as the serious environmental accidents caused by the pollution are constantly on stage and in order to change the present situation As a result, our country should make a strict system of the act of damaging the environment. In spite of the continuous improvement of the environmental legislation in our country, many relevant environmental laws and regulations have been introduced successively However, in our country, the legislation of environmental crime is not mature enough, and the system of punishment for the whole environment crime is lacking, and after the explosion of the environment, the administrative penalty is not timely so that it can't play a role in earthquake We must clearly recognize that in our country, government officials and citizens have a weak sense of environmental awareness, consciousness of consciousness and sense of crisis, and people are largely unaware of how many side effects of their actions will bring to a future life and will not take into account future rings for future generations The crisis of the environment, so strengthening the environmental legislation and establishing a reasonable mechanism of punishment In this paper, the system analysis of the criminal law of China's environmental crime will be systematically analyzed, and the evolution of the environmental crime is first explored from the course of the evolution of the environment crime. On the basis of the research and experience of domestic and foreign scholars, and explore the punishment environment The countermeasures of crime are analyzed. Secondly, the deficiency of the legislation of environmental crime in China is analyzed from the aspects of system regulation and punishment of environmental crime, and the suggestions on prevention and legislation of environmental crime in China are put forward, so as to study the legislation of environmental crime in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.36

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