哈尔乌素煤矿排土场植被恢复中外生菌根真菌的应用研究
发布时间：2019-02-26 19:06
【摘要】：煤炭是内蒙古自治区的重要的能源,煤炭开采加速了区域经济的快速发展,同时引起的环境问题加重了内蒙古脆弱生态系统的环境恶化。在内蒙古西部地区煤炭的露天开采不仅破坏了当地原有的地貌和植被、引起严重的水土流失和土地沙化,而且形成了大面积的裸露排土场。因此,排土场的治理及植被建设是矿区土地复垦的重要内容之一。 本文以内蒙古鄂尔多斯准格尔旗的哈尔乌素露天煤矿为研究对象,对排土场复垦种植的油松(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.)进行野外接种外生菌根真菌(Ectomycorrhizal fungi, ECM fungi)的试验,同时在实验室条件下进行油松苗接种试验。研究外生菌根真菌对排土场土壤种植植物的生长及其土壤因子的影响,为露天煤矿排土场植被恢复与生态建设提供理论与实践依据。主要的研究结果如下： (1)对排土场种植的油松、樟子松苗木接种外生菌根真菌牛肝菌(Suillus collinitus)-99菌株,结果显示油松、樟子松的菌根侵染率、植物的存活率均有提高但未达到显著差异水平；接菌改善了油松、樟子松根际土壤环境,提高了土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量；接菌提高了油松、樟子松根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌等微生物的数量,以及土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性。 (2)实验室条件下,取排土场土壤种植油松苗并接种牛肝菌-99和褐环乳牛肝菌(S. luteus)菌株,接菌显著增加了油松幼苗的鲜重、干重、菌根依懒性(P0.05),并显著提高了油松幼苗叶绿素含量和光合特性(P0.05)。接菌使油松幼苗根际土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量显著增加(P0.05),接菌显著提高了油松幼苗根际土壤中的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量(P0.05),以及土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和总磷酸酶的活性(P0.05),其中褐环乳牛肝菌的接种效果好于牛肝菌。 (3)接种外生菌根真菌促进了油松、樟子松的生长,菌根技术有利于排土场植被恢复,有较好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Coal is an important energy source in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. Coal mining accelerates the rapid development of regional economy and causes environmental problems to aggravate the environmental deterioration of the fragile ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. The open-pit coal mining in the western region of Inner Mongolia not only destroyed the original landform and vegetation, caused serious soil erosion and land desertification, but also formed a large area of bare dump. Therefore, the treatment of dump and vegetation construction is one of the important contents of land reclamation in mining area. Taking Halwusu opencast coal mine in Zhungeer Banner of Ordos, Inner Mongolia as the research object, the (Pinus sylvestris var. of Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.), cultivated in waste yard was reclaimed and planted in this paper. Mongolica Litv.) Field inoculation of exogenous mycorrhizal fungi (Ectomycorrhizal fungi, ECM fungi) and inoculation of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings under laboratory conditions were carried out. The effects of exogenous mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and soil factors of soil planting plants in dump were studied in order to provide theoretical and practical basis for vegetation restoration and ecological construction in open pit dump. The main results were as follows: (1) the seedlings of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica were inoculated with exogenous mycorrhizal fungus (Suillus collinitus)-99. The results showed that the mycorrhizal infection rate of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was detected. The survival rate of plants increased but not reached the significant difference level. The rhizosphere soil environment of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was improved, and the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter were increased. The number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and the activities of urease, catalase, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase in soil were increased. (2) under laboratory conditions, the fresh weight, dry weight and mycorrhizal laziness of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were significantly increased when the soil was inoculated with Boletus-99 and (S. luteus) strain (P0.05). The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were significantly increased (P0.05). The contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in rhizosphere soil of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were significantly increased (P0.05), and the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings was significantly increased (P0.05). And the activities of urease, catalase, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and total phosphatase in soil (P0.05). (3) inoculation of exogenous mycorrhizal fungi promoted the growth of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Mycorrhizal technique was beneficial to the restoration of vegetation in waste dump and had a good application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：Q949.32
本文编号：2431060
[Abstract]:Coal is an important energy source in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. Coal mining accelerates the rapid development of regional economy and causes environmental problems to aggravate the environmental deterioration of the fragile ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. The open-pit coal mining in the western region of Inner Mongolia not only destroyed the original landform and vegetation, caused serious soil erosion and land desertification, but also formed a large area of bare dump. Therefore, the treatment of dump and vegetation construction is one of the important contents of land reclamation in mining area. Taking Halwusu opencast coal mine in Zhungeer Banner of Ordos, Inner Mongolia as the research object, the (Pinus sylvestris var. of Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.), cultivated in waste yard was reclaimed and planted in this paper. Mongolica Litv.) Field inoculation of exogenous mycorrhizal fungi (Ectomycorrhizal fungi, ECM fungi) and inoculation of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings under laboratory conditions were carried out. The effects of exogenous mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and soil factors of soil planting plants in dump were studied in order to provide theoretical and practical basis for vegetation restoration and ecological construction in open pit dump. The main results were as follows: (1) the seedlings of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica were inoculated with exogenous mycorrhizal fungus (Suillus collinitus)-99. The results showed that the mycorrhizal infection rate of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was detected. The survival rate of plants increased but not reached the significant difference level. The rhizosphere soil environment of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was improved, and the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter were increased. The number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and the activities of urease, catalase, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase in soil were increased. (2) under laboratory conditions, the fresh weight, dry weight and mycorrhizal laziness of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were significantly increased when the soil was inoculated with Boletus-99 and (S. luteus) strain (P0.05). The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were significantly increased (P0.05). The contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in rhizosphere soil of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were significantly increased (P0.05), and the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings was significantly increased (P0.05). And the activities of urease, catalase, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and total phosphatase in soil (P0.05). (3) inoculation of exogenous mycorrhizal fungi promoted the growth of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Mycorrhizal technique was beneficial to the restoration of vegetation in waste dump and had a good application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：Q949.32
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