以色列基布兹的合作制经济模式研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 09:05

本文关键词：以色列基布兹的合作制经济模式研究　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：金融危机频繁发生，主要发达资本主义国家的很多企业陷入困境，而这些国家中的合作制企业则表现出很强的生命力，引人关注、值得思考。在这些合作社中最引人注意的则是以色列的基布兹。在以色列的发展当中，基布兹发挥了卓越的作用，而这种贡献持续了将近一个世纪。基布兹人口虽少，却在国家的经济、政治、国防等领域发挥了超出自己人口比例的优势，这不得不说是合作经济的强大优势。本文首先介绍了基布兹的创建及发展。以色列基布兹运动开始由一组单个的人组成，在19世纪末到20世纪初他们从东欧，主要是俄国等地区移民到巴勒斯坦。他们在巴勒斯坦建立犹太人定居点，，试图建立一个共同劳动、共同占有、共同生活、人人平等的理想社会。从以色列第一个基布兹诞生以来，主要就是以农业为主，具有共产主义色彩。因此，我们称之为农业合作社。30年代以来，基布兹跳出了单一的农业合作社的模式，消费合作社、生产合作社、储蓄和信贷合作社等同时成为基布兹的新身份。基布兹的不断发展也使得它的生活组织、工作结构以及融资模式都有了更加完善的机制。然后重点介绍了基布兹的内部管理制度。首先是组织原则:公有制原则，即在以色列基布兹的内部，所有的东西，包括生产用料、生活所需、住房需求等等都属于公有财产，个人只有自己的一些专属用品；平等劳动、平等共享原则，即基布兹成员被分配到它的各个经济部门工作，不论干部还是普通成员一律平等；按需分配原则，即在基布兹财力允许的范围内，所有人的分配与享有一律平等，但是也会考虑各个家庭的特殊情况，不采取工资制；民主管理原则，即成立基布兹的全体成员大会，负责制定方针、解决问题。大会实行的是少数服从多数的原则，对于重大问题，他们会进行表决；来去自由原则，即在基布兹工作来去自由。再次对基布兹的组织绩效进行了分析。由此得出虽然基布兹在发展过程中也面临着挑战，本身存在局限性，需要转型,但是它的成功经验对我们有很大的借鉴意义。第一，成立经济合作企业，各个经济体之间加强合作，互帮互助，共同发展。第二，依靠生产率的提高和“走出去”来面对外部挑战与威胁。第三，基布兹的组织制度对我国的社会主义新农村建设有参考价值。第四，立法完备。本文对基布兹的产生、演变与运作模式进行了浅显的分析讨论，重点在于基布兹对于当今社会的意义。社会发展，模式变迁，到底基布兹能否在全球化的今天得以再度发展还有待考察。
[Abstract]:The financial crisis has frequently occurred , and many of the major developed capitalist countries are in trouble , while cooperative enterprises in these countries have shown strong vitality , concern and worth thinking . The most notable of these cooperatives is the base of Israel . In Israel ' s development , Kibuz has played a remarkable role , and this contribution has continued for nearly a century . Although the Kibuz population is small , it has played an advantage over the proportion of its population in the economic , political and national defense areas of the country , which has to be said to be a powerful advantage of the cooperative economy . This paper first introduces the creation and development of Kibuz . Israel ' s Kibuz movement began to be composed of a single group of individuals who , from the late 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century , moved from eastern Europe , mainly Russia , to Palestine . The principle of principle of public ownership , that is , in the interior of the town of Kibuz , is the principle of public ownership , that is , all things , including production , demand for life , housing needs and so on , belong to public property . The principle of equal work and equal sharing is that the members of the Kibuz are allocated to their respective economic sectors . The principle of equal work and equal sharing is the principle of minority obedience . Therefore , although Kibuz also faces challenges in the development process , its own limitations and needs transformation , but its successful experience is of great reference to us . First , to establish an economic cooperation enterprise , to strengthen cooperation , mutual assistance and mutual development among the various economies . Second , to rely on the improvement of productivity and " go out " to face the external challenges and threats . Third , the organization system of Kibuz has reference value to the construction of the new socialist countryside in our country . Based on the analysis and discussion of the generation , evolution and operation mode of Kibuz , this paper focuses on the significance of Kibuz in modern society .

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F138.2

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