企业家精神与经济增长方式转变

发布时间：2018-02-04 01:59

本文关键词： 企业家企业家精神经济增长方式转变　出处：《浙江工商大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国经济建设取得了巨大的成就。但是,质疑中国经济增长的声音从未减弱,特别是近两三年来经济增长速度的显著下降也引起了人们的普遍关注。其实,经济增长问题背后的实质是经济增长方式的问题,即我们不应当只关注经济增长量的提高,也应当关注经济增长质的转变。关于中国经济增长方式转变的问题,长期以来受到学术界的关注,但仍未达成一致的判断,本文认为在市场经济的条件下,经济增长方式的转变需要发挥企业家精神的作用。企业家精神涉及到个人、组织、社会等方面,本文只讨论企业家精神的个人层面。本文围绕以下问题进行探讨:企业家精神作为一个主观的因素,如何影响经济增长方式的转变?中国应如何通过进一步发展企业家精神以促进经济增长方式的转变?本文在充分回顾相关文献的基础上,提炼出企业家精神对经济增长方式转变的作用机理:首先,企业家精神通过发挥主观判断能力,利用其局部信息来判断市场中存在的利润机会,对资本、劳动力和技术进行优化配置,并在资源配置中发现要素的真实价格;其次,企业家精神资本能够引导技术的研发和利用,不断加强技术在市场经济中的作用;再次,企业家活动使得市场竞争不断加剧和市场范围持续扩展,激烈的竞争直接促进技术的进步,市场范围的扩大提高了生产效率;最后,企业家精神的创新能力是潜在市场经济制度的提供者,为经济增长方式转变提供了制度保障。本文以每万人就业人口的私营企业户数作为企业家精神的衡量指标,对我国东、中、西部企业家精神和经济增长方式的现状做了分析。对于企业家精神丰度的地区差异,以浙江省和山西省为例,从观念、地理和政府行为等因素进行了对比探究;以全要素生产率在经济增长率中的贡献作为经济增长方式转变的代理指标,发现其经历了微微上升到不断下降的过程,对全要素生产率的DEA—Malmquist指数进行效率分解发现,其变动率处在不断下降的状态,因此中国经济增长的方式急需转变。在实证方面,本文以1992—2014年省级面板数据研究了企业家精神对全要素生产率及其在经济增长中的贡献影响,实证结果显示:无论是全国样本还是分地区样本的回归结果都表明企业家精神对经济增长方式转变有显著的正向影响,但企业家精神对人力资本和技术的配置效率还需进一步提升。针对理论分析和实证检验的结果,本文可以得出以下结论:企业家精神是促进经济增长方式转变的源泉,中国需回到以企业家精神为主导的经济增长方式上。提出的政策建议如下:政府应当创造企业家进行生产性活动的良好环境;增强舆论导向,改变内陆地区对企业家的观念;积极进行国企改革,重塑国有企业的企业家精神,使之真正成为市场的主体。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic construction has made great achievements. However, the voice of questioning China's economic growth has never weakened. Especially in the past two or three years, the remarkable decline of the economic growth rate has also aroused widespread concern. In fact, the essence of the economic growth problem is the problem of the mode of economic growth. That is, we should not only pay attention to the increase of economic growth, but also pay attention to the qualitative change of economic growth. However, there is still no consensus judgment. This paper holds that under the condition of market economy, the change of the mode of economic growth needs to play the role of entrepreneurship, which involves individuals, organizations, society and so on. This paper focuses on the following issues: how does entrepreneurship, as a subjective factor, affect the transformation of economic growth? How can China promote the transformation of economic growth mode by further developing entrepreneurship? Based on a full review of relevant literature, this paper abstracts the mechanism of entrepreneurship on the transformation of economic growth: firstly, entrepreneurship exerts its subjective judgment ability. The local information is used to judge the profit opportunities in the market, to optimize the allocation of capital, labor and technology, and to find out the true price of the elements in the allocation of resources. Secondly, entrepreneurial spirit capital can guide the development and utilization of technology, and strengthen the role of technology in market economy. Thirdly, the entrepreneur activities make the market competition intensify and the market scope continue to expand, the fierce competition directly promotes the progress of technology, and the expansion of the market scope improves the production efficiency. Finally, the innovative ability of entrepreneurship is the provider of the potential market economy system. This paper takes the number of private enterprises per 10,000 people employed population as a measure of entrepreneurship, to China's east, middle. The paper analyzes the present situation of enterpriser spirit and economic growth mode in western China. Taking Zhejiang Province and Shanxi Province as examples, the paper makes a comparative study on the regional differences of enterpriser spirit abundance from such factors as concept, geography and government behavior. Taking the contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) in the economic growth rate as the proxy indicator for the transformation of economic growth mode, it is found that TFP has experienced a process of slight rise to continuous decline. The efficiency decomposition of the total factor productivity (TFP) DEA-Malmquist index shows that the rate of change is in a state of constant decline, so the mode of economic growth in China needs to be changed urgently. This paper studies the impact of entrepreneurship on total factor productivity and its contribution to economic growth using provincial panel data from 1992 to 2014. The empirical results show that both the national sample and the regional sample regression results show that entrepreneurship has a significant positive impact on the transformation of economic growth mode. However, the allocation efficiency of entrepreneurship to human capital and technology still needs to be further improved. This paper can draw the following conclusion: entrepreneurship is the source of promoting the transformation of economic growth mode. China needs to return to the enterprise-led mode of economic growth. The policy recommendations are as follows: the government should create a good environment for entrepreneurs to engage in productive activities; Strengthen the guidance of public opinion and change the concept of entrepreneurs in inland areas; We should actively reform state-owned enterprises, reshape the entrepreneurial spirit of state-owned enterprises and make them the main body of the market.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F124.1;F272.91;F279.2

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