投资渠道的知识资本溢出对中国区域生产率影响研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 03:34

本文关键词： 国际直接投资知识资本溢出全要素生产率　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经济增长的源泉问题一直是经济学界关注的重点。从“新古典理论”发展到“新增长理论”,技术进步是经济发展的动力得到越来越多的认同,同时,包含技术、知识、人力资本等要素在内的知识资本也得到越来越多经济学家的关注。改革开放以来,我国经济得到了迅猛的发展,其中知识资本的积累起到了重要的作用。知识资本积累有两条途径,一是通过本国的研发投入,人力资本的培养,技术创新等方式进行,二是通过参与国际贸易、国际直接投资而获得国际知识资本的溢出。结合我国大力推进“引进来”“走出去”战略的现实背景,在分析了我国外商直接投资和对外直接投资的现状和特点之后,本文建立了投资渠道的知识资本溢出对全要素生产率的效应模型。在LP模型的基础上,本文还引入了RD投入强度和人力资本来考察知识资本溢出的吸收能力。同时考虑到我国东、中、西部存在巨大的区域差距,因此本文的模型选取了2003-2014年我国29个省市区的样本数据,用面板数据考察该效应在三个区域之间的不同表现。通过实证研究,本文得出了以下结论:(1)国内RD资本存量和人力资本对我国区域生产率的提高有促进作用。然而从流量角度衡量的RD投入强度的生产率效应却为负。(2)FDI的知识资本溢出效应为负,意味着外资企业的进入一定程度上抑制了当地企业的发展和当地的产业升级。(3)OFDI的逆向知识资本溢出效应为正,意味着“走出去”战略不仅促进了我国一部分企业的发展壮大,而且对于我国生产率的发展起到了促进作用。(4)人力资本与FDI和OFDI知识资本溢出的交互项都显示出了较好的结果,说明了人力资本在促进国际知识资本溢出的消化吸收转化方面具有重要的作用。(5)分区域来看,我国的东部、中部和西部地区存在巨大的地区差异,三个区域在任何一个指标上都不同。总体来看,东部地区经济实力强,科研实力雄厚,对国际知识资本获取多且吸收效果好。中部地区和西部地区则由于经济、科技、人才的制约,国际知识资本的溢出效应并不显著,甚至产生了负效应。我国应该实行差异化的区域发展战略,尤其要加大对中西部的投入,促进区域协调发展。针对实证结果,我们提出如下的政策建议:第一,加强研发投入和人力资本的培养;第二,优化外资结构,提高外资质量;第三,加强政策支持和服务,鼓励企业“走出去”;第四,企业自身增强研发投入,完善规章制度。
[Abstract]:From "neoclassical theory" to "new growth theory", technological progress is the driving force of economic development, and it has been more and more recognized, including technology, knowledge, etc. Knowledge capital, including human capital and other elements, has also attracted more and more attention from economists. Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly. Among them, the accumulation of knowledge capital plays an important role. There are two ways to accumulate knowledge capital, one is through domestic R & D investment, the other is through the cultivation of human capital and technological innovation, and the other is through participation in international trade. International direct investment and the spillover of international intellectual capital. Combined with the realistic background of our country's vigorously promoting the strategy of "bringing in" and "going out", this paper analyzes the present situation and characteristics of China's foreign direct investment and foreign direct investment. In this paper, the effect model of knowledge capital spillover on total factor productivity of investment channel is established. This paper also introduces R D investment intensity and human capital to investigate the absorptive capacity of knowledge capital spillover. Therefore, the model of this paper selects the sample data of 29 provinces and municipalities from 2003 to 2014, and uses panel data to investigate the different performance of this effect among the three regions. This paper draws the following conclusion: (1) domestic R D capital stock and human capital can promote the improvement of regional productivity in China. However, the productivity effect of R D input intensity measured from the point of view of flow is negative, and the knowledge capital spillover effect of FDI is negative. This means that the entry of foreign-funded enterprises to a certain extent inhibits the development of local enterprises and the adverse knowledge capital spillover effect of local industrial upgrading. It means that the strategy of "going out" not only promotes the development of some enterprises in China, but also promotes the growth of some enterprises in China. Moreover, the interaction between human capital and knowledge capital spillovers of FDI and OFDI shows good results for the development of productivity in China. It shows that human capital plays an important role in promoting the digestion, absorption and transformation of international intellectual capital spillover. The three regions are different in any one index. In general, the eastern region has strong economic strength and strong scientific research strength, which has a good effect on the acquisition and absorption of international intellectual capital. The central and western regions, on the other hand, are due to the economy, science and technology. The spillover effect of international knowledge capital is not significant, even has a negative effect. Our country should implement the differentiated regional development strategy, especially to increase investment in the central and western regions, promote regional coordinated development. We put forward the following policy recommendations: first, strengthening R & D investment and training of human capital; second, optimizing the structure of foreign investment and improving the quality of foreign investment; third, strengthening policy support and services to encourage enterprises to "go out"; 4th, Enterprises themselves strengthen R & D investment, improve the rules and regulations.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F124

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