经济增长的制度要素分析

发布时间：2018-02-28 02:45

本文关键词： 经济增长制度技术进步资本投入　出处：《河南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着中国经济改革的持续进行和深化，“以改革促发展”的口号也被更多的提到。对经济增长的理解是一个逐渐深入的过程，特别是对于我国这样一个具有特殊制度的转型经济体而言。在对转型经济进行研究的过程中，经济学家提出了各种各样的转型标准即改革的方向及目标。然而，效果却迥异，有的经济体获得经济成功，有些则陷入长期的停滞。改革的途径大体上是改革和完善制度，建立良好的制度体系。虽然正式制度在中国逐步建立和完善，但是传承下来的思维方式和行事传统却在很大程度上阻碍经济的增长，沿海地区经济优于内陆的原因之一就是“遵守诺言”的态度和方式，规则在其中所起的作用就是维系社会中所形成的“非编码”的知识及“人与人之间的合同”。经济增长本身是包含制度优化的，制度与经济增长之间的因果关系并不明确，然而可以肯定的是某些国家的起飞归结于当时偶然因素造成的制度优势，进而引发了经济的增长，接下来的过程便是经济增长各要素之间的互相作用，经济增长又进一步强化了其制度优势，相对于其他国家更加具有优势。对于二者之间的因果关系，以现在的经济情况作为研究对象并不能很好的区分。当前国际上，对于制度的理解有一种趋同的态势，即市场化和私有化。然而在分析中发现，对于各个层面来讲，我们不能一味的追求市场化进程，国有企业在经济中所起到的作用仍然不容小觑，只要对其进行适当的制度改革和安排，国有企业的垄断就可以促进技术的进步。芬兰的成功与其他独联体国家的失败，可以很好的说明国有企业的私有化是一个长期的循序渐进的过程，不可一蹴而就。在对制度与经济绩效之间关系的分析中，毋须特别在意其对经济增长的解释效果。因为不管从哪方面来度量，只是抓住了制度的一角，所做的就是从整体上理解制度的完善确实对经济有积极的影响，特别是在减少寻租行为发生，让更多的投资进入生产活动等方面，完善的制度起到立竿见影的效果。本文对制度与经济增长的关系进行了理论分析和实证分析。文章以现有理论为基础，结合国内外对于制度影响经济增长的研究成果，从时间尺度上制度与经济增长关系的经验出发，联系制度对于中国各省区以及35个中心城市经济差异的分析，分析制度与经济增长的关系。文章通过建立数理模型，进行回归分析，得出结果并进行解释，为实证分析提供基础。本文搜集了中国层面上1984年至2010年的时间序列数据，2010年中国除西藏之外的30个省、自治区、直辖市以及2010年中国35个中心城市的相关数据，建立时间序列模型或截面数据模型，对理论进行实证检验。在文章的分析中，制度与技术进步、资本投入等方面有很大的关系，并且经验研究表明制度对于促进二者的发展有积极的正向作用，进而促进经济的增长。从小的方面来讲，用政府的腐败程度衡量制度质量之时，其通过TFP作用于经济增长。在其与寻租活动的分析中，制度的完善可以降低寻租活动的边际报酬，进而减轻市场主体参与寻租活动的程度，让更多的资源流向实体经济的生产活动中来。结合对于其他指标与经济增长之间关系的分析，这些变量之间存在莫衷一是的因果关系。如上所述，在历史偶然和路径依赖的强化下，优势得到强化，处于劣势地位的经济体要想追赶上，则需要学习其先进的制度体系，而不单纯地引进技术和管理技能。对于制度与经济增长分析，引入了一个分析的步骤和模型，目的在于辨别首要的影响因素，抓住重点问题进行解决。中国改革之际所遇到问题，在国家采取的异于华盛顿共识的政策中得到解决，之后的路怎么进行，，更需要因地制宜。经济中的问题都是环环紧扣的，牵一发而动全身，所以需要政府这只看得见的手发挥作用，以斧正无形之手所引发的市场失灵、外部效应、道德风险等问题。由此，政府的政策也即正式的制度，在发挥作用之际又多了一个渠道。制度是至关重要的，虽然在对中国、省区、城市各个层面的实证分析之中，技术进步和资本投入对于经济差异的解释程度更大，然而结合前文则可以得出这样一个结论：制度作为基础的要素，主要是通过技术进步和资本投入以及其他的中间要素来促进经济增长的，制度对于经济增长有着重要的作用。
[Abstract]:With the sustained and deepening of China ' s economic reform , the slogan of " reform and development " has also been mentioned more . The understanding of economic growth is a gradual process , especially for a transitional economy with special system . In the process of research on the transition economy , the economists put forward a variety of transformation standards , namely the direction and goal of reform . However , the way to reform is to reform and perfect the system , and to establish a good system system . Although the formal system is gradually established and perfected in China , one of the reasons for the reform is to abide by the attitude and the way of the inland . The role played by the rule is the knowledge of " non - coding " and the contract between man and man . Economic growth itself is a system - optimized , and the causal relationship between system and economic growth is not clear . However , it is certain that the taking - off of some countries is attributed to the system advantages caused by accident factors at that time , which leads to economic growth . However , in the analysis , we can not only pursue the market - oriented process , but also the monopoly of state - owned enterprises can promote the progress of technology . In the analysis of the relationship between system and economic performance , there is no need to pay special attention to its explanation effect on economic growth . Because of which measures , it is only grasped the angle of the system , and it has positive influence on the economy , especially in reducing rent - seeking behavior , and making more investment enter production activities . In this paper , the relationship between system and economic growth is analyzed theoretically and empirically . Based on the existing theory , the paper analyzes the relationship between the system and the economic growth in China at home and abroad , and analyses the relationship between the system and economic growth from the time scale system to the economic growth . The paper has collected the data of time series from 1984 to 2010 in China , and established the time series model or section data model in China from 30 provinces , autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and 35 central cities in 2010 . In the analysis of the article , the system and technology progress , capital investment and so on have a great relationship , and the empirical research shows that the system plays a positive role in promoting the development of both , and then promotes the growth of the economy . In the analysis of system and economic growth , an analysis step and model is introduced in order to identify the primary influencing factors and solve the problem . The problems encountered in China ' s reform are solved in the policy of the Washington consensus . The problems in the economy need to be solved . The problem in the economy is the market failure , the external effect and the moral hazard caused by the invisible hand . The system is very important , although in the empirical analysis of the various aspects of China , the province and the city , the technological progress and the capital investment are more explained to the economic difference , but the combination of the foregoing can conclude that the system is the basic element , mainly through technological progress and capital investment and other intermediate elements to promote the economic growth , and the system plays an important role in economic growth .

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.1

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