中间投入的关联性及经济增长方式的国际比较

发布时间：2018-03-13 22:45

本文选题：中间投入　切入点：替代弹性　出处：《系统工程理论与实践》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：作为一种资本,中间投入在生产过程中有着不可忽略的重要作用.中间投入系数大小则反映了一个国家的经济增长方式类型.目前主流经济增长理论仅仅考虑增加值生产函数,而非总产出生产函数,因此忽视了中间投入在生产过程,乃至评价经济效率中的作用.本文从统计特征,基本模型和实证检验基本范式研究了主题.从统计特征角度,中国的中间投入系数明显高于美日等发达国家,单位GDP能耗远高于世界平均水平,显示出了中国粗放型增长的特征.在基本模型上,本文通过理论推导、数值模拟得出结论:一国的经济增长方式主要与中间投入替代弹性、增加值率、技术水平等参数有关.具体表现在:首先,中间投入与最初投入之间的关联性表现为替代关系而非互补关系;其次,经济增长速度呈现出与中间投入替代弹性大小反向关系,中间投入替代弹性越大经济增长速度越慢,反之亦然;最后,均衡人均产出水平呈现出随着增加值率的增大先增大后减小的倒U形态,换言之,一国在其他条件不变的情况下,存在一个最优的增加值率.在实证分析上,本文通过对中国、美国、日本、巴西四国的实证检验发现,一方面,不同发展阶段的国家的中间投入的替代弹性不同,且各自具有一定的独立性,美日等发达国家的替代弹性明显高于中国和巴西等发展中国家;另一方面,各国的实际增加值率与最优增加值率之间存在着偏差,且发达国家的偏差要小于发展中国家,中国和巴西存在的偏差要远大于发达的美国和日本.
[Abstract]:As a kind of capital, intermediate input plays an important role in the process of production. Instead of the total output production function, it ignores the role of intermediate input in the production process and even the evaluation of economic efficiency. This paper studies the theme from the statistical characteristics, the basic model and the basic paradigm of empirical test. The intermediate input coefficient of China is obviously higher than that of developed countries such as the United States and Japan, and the energy consumption per unit GDP is much higher than the world average level, which shows the characteristics of China's extensive growth. The numerical simulation concludes that the economic growth pattern of a country is mainly related to the elasticity of intermediate input substitution, the rate of added value, the level of technology and so on. The correlation between the intermediate input and the initial input is a substitute relationship rather than a complementary relationship. Secondly, the economic growth rate shows a reverse relationship with the elasticity of the intermediate input substitution, and the greater the elasticity of the intermediate input substitution, the slower the economic growth rate. And vice versa; finally, the equilibrium per capita output level shows an inverted U pattern that increases first and then decreases with the increase of the added value rate. In other words, there is an optimal value added rate in a country with no change in other conditions. Based on the empirical test of China, the United States, Japan and Brazil, this paper finds that, on the one hand, the substitution elasticity of intermediate inputs is different among countries at different stages of development, and each has its own independence. The substitution elasticity of developed countries such as the United States and Japan is obviously higher than that of developing countries such as China and Brazil. On the other hand, there is a deviation between the actual value added rate and the optimal value added rate of each country, and the deviation of the developed countries is smaller than that of the developing countries. China and Brazil are far more biased than the developed United States and Japan.
【作者单位】：江苏省行政学院经济社会发展研究所;中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(71373106) 国家社会科学基金(14AZD086,12CJY072)~~
【分类号】：F113

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