20世纪中国二元经济模式变迁与比较研究——基于三农视角

发布时间：2018-03-17 13:10

本文选题：二元经济　切入点：制度变迁　出处：《财经研究》2017年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中国自20世纪初期形成了二元经济结构,之后存世长达百年之久,模式几经变迁,对中国经济与社会产生了深远影响。文章以20世纪以来二元经济模式发展的演变史实为基础,运用制度变迁理论,从三农视角对20世纪三种二元经济模式之成因、结构特征及其对经济与社会的影响进行比较分析。研究发现,三种二元经济结构均导致城乡分化、三农衰败的共同结局,但在具体路径选择及影响程度等方面又有不同,具体表现为:(1)20世纪初期形成的市场诱发型二元经济结构通过城乡不平等贸易、资金市场性流动等市场机制作用,导致社会阶层与城乡严重分裂、社会失控的局面;(2)20世纪五六十年代形成的制度约束型二元经济结构通过统购统销、户籍制度、人民公社制度等刚性制度约束,导致农业生产效率低下与农民收入的过度平均;(3)20世纪八九十年代形成的复合型二元经济结构则由于制度刚性约束与市场因素的共同作用,形成三农在城乡贸易、就业与社会保障等方面的劣势地位。文章有助于我们更深入地认识当前二元经济结构的复合性质及其内卷化发展特征,为如何依靠市场驱动和制度改革来破解当前二元经济的困局和全面深化农村改革提供启示。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of 20th century, China has formed a dualistic economic structure, which has existed for a hundred years since then. The pattern has changed several times, which has had a profound impact on Chinese economy and society. The article is based on the historical facts of the development of dualistic economic model since 20th century. Based on the theory of institutional change, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the causes, structural characteristics and effects on economy and society of the three dualistic economic models in 20th century from the perspective of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and finds that the three dualistic economic structures lead to urban-rural differentiation. The common outcome of the decline of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is different in the aspects of specific path choice and influence degree, which is manifested in the formation of market-induced dual economic structure in the early 20th century, which is characterized by unequal trade between urban and rural areas. The role of market mechanisms, such as capital market mobility, has led to a serious split between social strata and urban and rural areas, resulting in a situation in which the society is out of control. In the fifties and sixties of the 20th century, the dual economic structure of the system, which was formed in the fifties and sixties of the 20th century, was formed through the system of unified. The rigid institutional constraints such as the people's commune system lead to the low efficiency of agricultural production and the excessive average income of farmers. The compound dual economic structure formed in the 1980s and 1990s is due to the joint action of institutional rigidity constraints and market factors. The article is helpful for us to understand the complex nature of the current dual economic structure and the characteristics of its internal development. It provides enlightenment for how to rely on market drive and system reform to solve the dilemma of the current dual economy and to deepen the rural reform in an all-round way.
【作者单位】：河北师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(14YJC790146)
【分类号】：F129

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