人力资本与技术进步对能源效率的影响效应分析

发布时间：2018-03-18 00:06

本文选题：人力资本　切入点：技术进步　出处：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放三十年来，我国经济发展迅速，各项建设取得了举世瞩目的成就。但不可忽视的是伴随着经济的增长，我国能源消耗也迅猛上升。作为我国经济重要的投入要素，能源的变动将直接影响着我国经济的健康持续增长。我国在全面建设小康社会的过程中，要实现以较少能源消费增长满足较高经济增长的需要，就要从根本上把握能源效率的基本内涵，探讨能源效率的影响因素及其对提高能源效率的作用机制，以有针对性、有目的性地通过各种经济管理措施提升能源效率，为我国经济未来可持续发展战略的提出提供基本依据。内生经济增长理论认为技术是提高效率的关键，可依靠技术要素提高能源效率以抵消能源投入的“增长效应”。而技术的进步，受制于人力资本水平的高低。人力资本积累是技术进步的动力和源泉，高素质的人力资本可促进能源节约型技术的创造和应用，从而最终达到提高能源效率的目的。考虑到不同地区劳动者的知识、技能等差异，劳动力对效率提高的贡献自然不同，高质量的人力资本可以有效吸收和利用技术，带动当地生产的发展；当人力资本质量较低时，会降低技术的外溢效应，阻碍生产率的进一步提高。因此，，有必要从人力资本能动性的角度，考察其与技术进步对能源效率的影响作用，以为政策制定者提供可信的政策依据。本文主要从人力资本和技术进步对能源效率的直接影响以及不同人力资本积累下技术进步对能源效率的差异影响两个方面进行研究。利用主成分分析法和随机前沿分析方法分别测算了我国1997-2011年的人力资本指数和技术进步指数，以为后文的模型构建奠定基础。然后运用面板模型和门限模型，构建人力资本、技术进步和能源效率之间的计量模型，并对三者之间的关系进行了实证分析。面板模型结果表明，我国东中西三个地区采用不同模型估计方法得到的变量回归系数符号和显著性基本一致，人力资本、社会整体技术进步、国内外技术吸收能力对能源效率均具有正向作用。考虑到人力资本的积累性和能动性，本文建立了以人力资本为门限变量的面板门限模型，结果显示，我国确实存在着人力资本的门限值，随着人力资本水平的提高，能源效率受技术进步的影响表现出逐层递增的趋势。另外，国内外技术进步与人力资本交叉结合所代表的技术吸收能力对能源效率的影响为正且非常显著，说明我国现有的人力资本对国内外技术引进及技术创造均具有一定的吸收利用能力。我国“十二五”规划纲要继续将节能减排作为社会发展的约束型指标，这为处在经济转型期的中国提出了新的挑战。基于实证结果，本文认为在借鉴其他国家能源政策的基础上，我国也需要从重视人力资本积累，改进能源利用技术、提高能源利用效率，发挥高素质技术人员优势、开发可替代新能源等方面制定我国的能源发展政策。
[Abstract]:Thirty years of reform and opening up, China's rapid economic development, the construction has made remarkable achievements. But can not be ignored is accompanied by economic growth, China's energy consumption also rose rapidly. As an important factor in China's economy, energy changes will directly affect the health of China's economic growth. Our country in the process of building a well-off society, to achieve with less energy consumption growth to meet the needs of higher economic growth, we must grasp the basic connotation of energy efficiency fundamentally, to explore the influence factors of energy efficiency and its mechanism to improve energy efficiency, to targeted, purposeful measures through all kinds of economic management to enhance energy efficiency, provide the basis for China's future economic sustainable development strategy.
The endogenous economic growth theory suggests that the technology is the key to improve the efficiency, can rely on the technical elements to improve energy efficiency in order to offset the energy growth effect. And the progress of technology, subject to the level of human capital. Human capital accumulation is the source and driving force of technological progress, high-quality human capital can promote the creation and application of energy saving technology, and ultimately achieve the purpose of improving energy efficiency. Taking into account the different employee knowledge, skills and other differences, to improve the efficiency of labor contribution naturally different, high quality human capital can effectively absorb and use the technology to drive the development of local production; when the quality of human capital is low, will reduce the spillover effect of technology, to further improve the productivity of the obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary from the perspective of human capital initiative, and the technological progress on energy efficiency The impact of the policy makers to provide a credible policy basis.
This paper mainly studies the influence from two aspects of the direct impact of human capital and technological progress on energy efficiency and human capital accumulation under the difference of technological progress on energy efficiency in China. 1997-2011 years of human capital and technological progress index index calculation method and stochastic frontier analysis using principal component analysis method respectively, lay a foundation for the construction of thought the model. Then using the panel threshold model and model construction of human capital, the econometric model between technological progress and energy efficiency, and the relationship between the three is the empirical analysis of the model results. Panel shows that the estimation method is obtained by using different models of China's East and West three regions of the regression coefficients and symbols was basically the same, the human capital, the overall technological progress of society, the domestic and foreign technology absorption capacity have positive effect on energy efficiency into account. The accumulation of human capital and initiative, this article established a human capital threshold panel model, threshold variables showed that China does exist in the human capital threshold, the increase of human capital level, energy efficiency is affected by technological progress show layer increasing trend. In addition, the domestic and foreign technology progress and human capital combined represents the technology effect of absorptive capacity on energy efficiency is positive and significant, indicating the creation of technology introduction of China's existing human capital at home and abroad and have certain ability to absorb.
China's "12th Five-Year" plan to energy-saving emission reduction as a constrained index of social development, which is a new challenge for the economy transformation of Chinese. Based on the empirical results, this paper thinks that based on other national energy policy, our country needs from human capital accumulation, improve energy utilization technology to improve energy efficiency, give full play to the advantages of high quality technical personnel, the development of alternative new energy to the development of China's energy development policy.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F249.21;F124.3;F206

【参考文献】