1978-2011年中国产业结构变迁对城乡收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 04:10

本文选题：产业结构变迁 + 城乡收入差距　；参考：《西南财经大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：历经30多年的经济转轨过程,市场化取向的制度变革及其所导致的资源配置和激励改进,使得中国取得了突出的经济增长绩效。然而持续的经济增长背后,收入差距尤其是城乡收入差距也越来越大。城乡收入差距受到多种因素的影响,其中产业结构是影响城乡收入差距的一个重要因素。产业结构变迁通过拉动农业剩余劳动力转移而影响城乡收入差距,在改革开放初期,我国产业结构变迁带来了城乡收入差距的一度缩小,然而,在其后时期,随着产业结构不断变迁,城乡收入差距也日趋扩大。这一过程中,农业结构调整乏力、工业发展方式粗放、服务业发展滞后,产业空间布局不合理等问题,导致农村剩余劳动力不能有效地被非农产业吸纳就业,从而扩大了城乡收入差距。当前,我国正处于工业化深化发展、城镇化加速推进阶段,处理好城乡收入差距问题、建立社会和谐发展的新型城乡关系已经显得十分迫切,这直接反映一个国家、地区对统筹城乡发展问题的认识水平和管理能力,是一个国家区域可持续发展水平的重要标志之一。本文基于新经济史学派的研究方法,系统分析产业结构变迁对城乡收入差距影响的理论与内在机制,以中国产业结构变迁及城乡收入差距的变化为主线,从历史的视角直观考察了我国1978-2011年间产业结构变迁的状况以及城乡收入差距演变的状况,并实证检验了我国产业结构变迁与城乡收入差距的相关性,以及产业结构合理化、高级化、产业结构空间格局变迁对城乡收入差距的影响。具体概括为以下几点：首先,讨论了产业结构变迁影响城乡收入差距的理论与内在机制。产业结构变迁影响城乡收入差距的理论,主要包括产业结构变迁理论、二元经济结构理论、区域经济发展理论、收入分配差距理论,以及制度变迁理论。在内在机制上,产业结构变迁主要通过部门二元经济结构、区域二元经济结构、农业结构调整、工业结构变动、服务业结构优化、城镇化与劳动力流动,以及制度变迁、技术进步来影响城乡收入差距。产业结构变迁对城乡收入差距影响机制的分析为本文的研究提供了相关的理论基础和来源,有利于为进一步从历史的、实证的角度,深入研究我国产业结构变迁对城乡收入差距的影响奠定理论基础。其次,理论分析的结论显然需要接受实践的检验。论文在理论分析的基础上,着眼于中国1978-2011年的经济成长史,从历史的视角直观考察了我国这一时期产业结构变迁的状况以及城乡收入差距演变的状况。采用历史分析法对1978-2011年间不同时期,即经济体制改革探索阶段(1978-1983)经济体制改革全面推进阶段(1984-1991)、建立社会主义市场经济体制阶段(1992-2001)、完善社会主义市场经济体制阶段(2002-2011)的产业结构变迁对城乡收入差距的影响进行分析,以明确不同阶段城乡收入差距变化的结构性原因。再次,论文对产业结构变迁对城乡收入差距的影响进行了相关性分析与实证检验。研究产业结构变迁影响城乡收入差距的问题,首先必须明确产业结构变迁与城乡收入差距是否存在相关性。通过构建产业结构变迁和城乡收入差距的相关指标,利用格兰杰因果检验以及VAR模型等方法,分析产业结构变迁对城乡收入差距影响的相关性,可以使我们从结构变迁的视角理解和认识产业结构变迁对城乡收入差距的影响,为实证分析奠定前提和基础。然后,通过建立计量经济模型进一步深入分析产业结构变迁对城乡收入差距的影响。主要包括两个方面的内容：一是包括产业结构合理化、高级化,以及产业结构变迁过程中伴随的经济发展、城镇化、市场化水平、外商直接投资水平、人力资本含量、政府干预度对城乡收入差距的影响；二是产业结构空间格局变迁对城乡收入差距的影响。最后,总结传统发展模式下产业结构变迁对城乡收入差距影响的经验教训,立足于现实,分析与理解转变经济发展方式下的产业结构变迁对于缩小城乡收入差距的重要性,提出以农业产业化、新型工业化、新型城镇化,以及区域经济协调发展为动力的产业结构变迁路径,以期能够为实现城乡收入差距的缩小化,从经济史的视角提供一些思考成果。
[Abstract]:After 30 years of economic transition, the institutional change of market orientation and the resource allocation and incentive improvement led to the outstanding performance of China's economic growth. However, behind the sustained economic growth, the income gap, especially the income gap between urban and rural areas is also increasing. The income gap between urban and rural areas is affected by many factors. The industrial structure is an important factor affecting the income gap between urban and rural areas. The change of industrial structure affects the income gap between urban and rural areas through the transfer of agricultural surplus labor force. In the early period of reform and opening up, the change of industrial structure in China has brought about a reduction in the income gap between urban and rural areas. However, in the subsequent period, with the continuous change of industrial structure, urban and rural areas are changing. The income gap is also expanding. In this process, the poor adjustment of the agricultural structure, the extensive mode of industrial development, the lag of the development of the service industry and the irrational distribution of the industrial space have caused the surplus rural labor to not be effectively absorbed by the non-agricultural industry, thus expanding the income gap of the urban and rural areas. At present, China is in the process of deepening the industrialization. It is very urgent to deal with the income gap between urban and rural areas and establish a new urban and rural relationship with the harmonious development of the society. It directly reflects the understanding level and management ability of a country and region for the overall planning of urban and rural development, which is one of the important symbols of the level of regional sustainable development in a country.
Based on the research method of the new economic historiography school, this paper systematically analyzes the theory and internal mechanism of the impact of industrial structure changes on the income gap between urban and rural areas, taking the changes of China's industrial structure and the change of urban and rural income gap as the main line, and viewing the changes of industrial structure and the income difference between urban and rural areas in the past 1978-2011 years from a historical perspective. The correlation between China's industrial structure change and urban and rural income gap, and the influence of industrial structure rationalization, higher level and industrial structure spatial pattern change on urban and rural income gap are empirically tested.
First, it discusses the theory and internal mechanism of industrial structure change affecting the income gap between urban and rural areas. The theory of industrial structure change affects the income gap between urban and rural areas, mainly including the theory of industrial structure change, the theory of two yuan economic structure, the theory of regional economic development, the theory of income distribution gap and the theory of institutional change. The structure changes mainly through the two yuan economic structure, the regional two yuan economic structure, the adjustment of agricultural structure, the change of the industrial structure, the optimization of the service industry structure, the urbanization and the labor flow, the change of the system and the technological progress. The analysis of the influence mechanism of the industrial structure change to the income gap between the urban and rural areas is studied in this paper. It provides a theoretical basis and source, which is conducive to further study the impact of the changes in industrial structure on the income gap between urban and rural areas from a historical and empirical perspective.
Secondly, the conclusion of theoretical analysis obviously needs to be tested by practice. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the thesis focuses on the economic growth history of China for 1978-2011 years, and visually inspects the status of industrial structure changes and the status of income gap between urban and rural areas in China from a historical perspective. The historical analysis method is used for 1978-2011 years. Different periods, that is, the exploration stage of economic system reform (1978-1983) the stage of comprehensive promotion of economic system reform (1984-1991), the establishment of the stage of socialist market economic system (1992-2001), and the improvement of the impact of the industrial structure changes on the income gap between urban and rural areas in the stage of socialist market economic system (2002-2011), in order to clear different stages. The structural reasons for the change in the income gap between urban and rural areas.
Thirdly, the paper analyses the influence of industrial structure change on the income gap between urban and rural areas. It is necessary to make clear whether there is a correlation between industrial structure change and urban and rural income gap. By means of Grainger causality test and VAR model, the correlation of the impact of industrial structure change on urban and rural income gap can be analyzed. It can make us understand and understand the influence of industrial structure change on urban and rural income gap from the perspective of structural change, and lay a foundation for the empirical analysis. Then, through the establishment of econometrics, we can establish a econometric model. The model further analyzes the impact of industrial structure changes on the income gap between urban and rural areas. It mainly includes two aspects: the first is the economic development, urbanization, market level, the level of foreign direct investment, the content of human capital and the government intervention, which include the rationalization of industrial structure, the higher level and the change of industrial structure. The impact of the income gap between urban and rural areas; two, the impact of the spatial pattern of industrial structure on the income gap between urban and rural areas.
Finally, it summarizes the experience and lessons of the influence of the industrial structure changes on the income gap between urban and rural areas under the traditional development mode, and based on the reality, analyzes and understands the importance of changing the industrial structure changes in the mode of economic development to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and proposes that the agricultural industrialization, the new industrialization, the new urbanization, and the coordination of regional economic coordination are put forward. In order to realize the narrowing of the income gap between urban and rural areas, we can provide some thinking results from the perspective of economic history.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F121.3;F124.7

【参考文献】