产业结构调整机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 13:03

  本文选题：产业结构 + 产业结构调整　； 参考：《中共中央党校》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：产业结构调整是目前我国学术界十分关注的问题。然而，现有研究产业结构调整的文献大多集中在变量关系或数据分析、对策研究领域，为数不多的对产业结构调整进行学理分析的文献多局限于新古典经济学框架，缺乏从真实市场过程深入探讨产业结构调整机制的理论性文献。本文拟弥补现有文献这方面的不足，跳出新古典经济学机械的分析框架，以奥地利学派知识分立、市场过程、企业家、动态效率等理论为分析工具，以一个新的思路，从一个更贴近真实市场运行的视角，对产业结构调整机制进行深入的理论分析。 产业结构调整有两种机制，一是政府主导机制，二是市场主导机制。本文首先提出主导产业结构调整应具备的三个条件，从知识的性质、政府的理性与自负、产业结构变动的微观法则、效果与效率之辨等角度对政府主导产业结构调整效果不佳的原因作出解释：一是政府不能事前预知最优产业结构；二是政府官员不会比企业家更关注市场和尊重市场规律；三是行政手段之“效”是效果而非效率。由此作者指出，产业结构调整应以市场为主导，充分发挥市场机制的作用。 其次，在构建产业结构调整过程数学模型的基础上，深入分析市场主导产业结构调整之机理。经济问题由变化引起，产业结构调整的根本问题是知识问题，这一问题只有在竞争的市场过程中才能解决。竞争的意义在于它是一个发现和利用知识的过程，价格机制在本质上是一种使用知识的有效制度，知识问题决定了非均衡状态是现实经济的常态，产业结构的每个缺口都会通过非均衡价格以纯利润的方式表现出来，由此形成对企业家的“激励”，促成竞争性的企业家发现过程。在这个过程中，随着无知的逐渐驱散，市场的非均衡状态得到纠正，产业结构趋于协调。这一过程是政府无法模拟和替代的。 再次，重新认识产业结构调整过程中的“市场失灵”问题，指出市场有效调节产业结构绝不依赖于完全竞争或一般均衡理论脱离现实的假设条件。竞争情况下常常出现重复性生产的“浪费”是市场协调必须的、不可避免的代价，政府主导不仅不能避免资源浪费，而且会恶化知识问题，造成更大损失。产业结构调整过程不存在“市场失灵”。所谓信息不完全和不对称、外部性和垄断问题实际上是人们基于静态观点对真实市场过程的误解，不能成为政府主导产业结构调整的理由。 然后，分析产业结构调整背景下政府应发挥的作用，力图厘清政府和市场的边界。产业结构调整本身是一个市场可以有效发挥作用的领域。作为一种自发秩序，市场机制具有天然的活力，但它有效运行需要一定的制度前提，，这些制度应由政府来保障。为维护和促进市场调节产业结构，政府应致力于完善市场体系的制度建设，增进市场机能，在以下三个领域更好地发挥作用：一是制度供给，二是公共物品，三是宏观政策。 日本在二战后成功调整产业结构的历程经常被一些学者引述为政府主导产业结构调整或直接干预型产业政策有效的证据，作者在本文最后一章对此提出质疑。通过重新考察和评价日本战后各时期的产业政策，指出日本成功的原因不是政府主导，而是市场主导。产业政策的作用没有人们想象中那么大。日本的案例不仅不能作为反驳作者观点的论据，事实上反而验证了作者的观点。 总而言之，本文的核心观点可概括为：政府不具备主导产业结构调整的条件，不宜成为调结构的主体。市场主导产业结构调整可以借助价格机制，激励企业家精神，通过竞争有效地解决知识问题这一根本经济问题，促进市场实现自我修正、产业结构趋于协调。这一过程不存在“市场失灵”。 本文可能的创新之处有以下五点：一是选题的创新。产业结构调整是一个热点问题，但目前缺乏对产业结构调整机制进行深入理论分析的文献，本文弥补了这方面的不足。二是研究视角的创新，采用一个不同于长期流行的新古典经济学的理论框架对产业结构调整机制进行学理性分析。三是试图澄清人们长期以来形成的认识误区，运用一系列理论工具对市场机制有效运行的条件、市场的“盲目性”、“市场失灵”、日本的产业政策等作出新的解读，提出了一些具有创新性的观点。四是为我国反思产业结构调整，推进经济结构战略性调整，促进经济转型提供一个新的理论思路。五是以产业结构调整为载体，尝试回答如何处理好政府和市场的关系这一经济体制改革的核心问题，为我国全面深化改革提供新的理论支持。 本文的主要研究方法有：文献研究法、理论分析法、动态分析法、数理分析法以及案例分析法。
[Abstract]:The adjustment of industrial structure is a matter of great concern in the academic circles of China. However, most of the existing literature on the adjustment of industrial structure is concentrated in the variable relationship or data analysis. The few literature on the theoretical analysis of industrial structure adjustment is limited to the new classical economic framework, and the lack of the real market process. This paper makes an in-depth discussion on the theoretical literature of the adjustment mechanism of industrial structure. This paper is intended to make up for the shortcomings of the existing literature and jump out of the analytical framework of the neo classical economics machinery, and take the theory of knowledge separation of the Austria school, the market process, the entrepreneur, the dynamic efficiency as the analytical tool, and a new way of thinking, from a more close to the real market. From the perspective of industrial restructuring mechanism in-depth theoretical analysis.
There are two mechanisms for the adjustment of industrial structure, one is the government leading mechanism and the two is the market leading mechanism. This paper first puts forward three conditions for the adjustment of the leading industrial structure, from the nature of the knowledge, the rationality and the self conceit of the government, the microcosmic law of the change of the industrial structure, the effect and the efficiency of the adjustment of the government led industrial structure. Two is that government officials will not pay more attention to market and market rules than entrepreneurs; three, the "effect" of administrative means is effect but not efficiency. Therefore, the author points out that the adjustment of industrial structure should be dominated by market and make full use of the market mechanism. Use.
Secondly, on the basis of constructing the mathematical model of industrial structure adjustment process, the mechanism of market leading industry structure adjustment is deeply analyzed. The economic problem is caused by change. The fundamental problem of industrial structure adjustment is knowledge problem. This problem can only be solved in the competitive market process. The significance of competition is that it is a discovery and profit. In the process of knowledge, the price mechanism is an effective system of using knowledge in essence. The problem of knowledge determines the non equilibrium state is the normal state of the real economy. Every gap in the industrial structure will be expressed through the way of the non equilibrium price of YISHION, thus forming a "incentive" to the enterprise and contributing to the competitive entrepreneurs. In this process, with the gradual dispelling of ignorance, the unbalanced state of the market has been corrected and the industrial structure tends to be coordinated. This process is a process that the government can not simulate and replace.
Thirdly, the problem of "market failure" in the process of industrial structure adjustment is re recognized, and it is pointed out that the effective regulation of the industrial structure by the market is never dependent on the hypothesis of complete competition or the theory that the general equilibrium theory is divorced from the reality. There is no "market failure" in the process of adjustment of industrial structure. The so-called incomplete and asymmetric information, externalities and monopolies are actually misunderstandings of the real market process based on the static viewpoint, which can not be the leading industrial structure of the government. The whole reason.
Then, it analyzes the role that the government should play under the background of the adjustment of industrial structure, trying to clarify the boundary between the government and the market. The adjustment of the industrial structure itself is a field which can play an effective role in the market. As a spontaneous order, the market mechanism has a natural vitality, but its effective operation requires a certain institutional premise. These systems should be made up of The government guarantees. In order to maintain and promote the market regulation of the industrial structure, the government should strive to improve the system construction of the market system and enhance the market function. The government should play a better role in the following three fields: the first is the system supply, the two is the public goods, and the three is the macro policy.
The history of Japan's successful adjustment of industrial structure after World War II is often cited by some scholars as evidence of the government led industrial structure adjustment or the effective industrial policy of direct intervention. The author questioned it in the last chapter of this article. By re examining and evaluating the industrial policies of the various periods in Japan, the reasons for the success of Japan were pointed out. It is government led, but market dominated. The role of industrial policy is not as large as people think. The case of Japan is not only an argument that refutes the author's opinion, but in fact proves the author's opinion.
In a word, the core point of this article can be summarized as follows: the government does not have the conditions for the adjustment of the leading industrial structure and should not be the main body of the structure adjustment. The adjustment of the market leading industry structure can help the entrepreneurial spirit by means of the price mechanism, and effectively solve the fundamental economic problem of the knowledge problem through competition and promote the market to realize self repair. The industrial structure tends to be coordinated. There is no "market failure" in this process.
The possible innovations in this paper are the following five points: first, the innovation of topic selection. The adjustment of industrial structure is a hot issue, but there is a lack of literature on the theoretical analysis of the adjustment mechanism of industrial structure. This paper makes up the deficiency in this aspect. Two is the innovation of the research perspective, and uses a new classical economics, which is different from the long-term popular. The theoretical framework of the industrial structure adjustment mechanism is analyzed rationally. Three is to clarify the misunderstanding that people have been forming for a long time, using a series of theoretical tools for the effective operation of the market mechanism, the market "blindness", "market failure", the Japanese industrial policy and so on to make a new interpretation, and put forward some innovative ideas. The four is to reflect on the adjustment of industrial structure, the strategic adjustment of the economic structure, and the promotion of the economic transformation. Five, the core issue of how to deal with the relationship between the government and the market, with the adjustment of the industrial structure as the carrier, is the core of the reform of the economic system. For new theoretical support.
The main research methods in this paper are literature research, theoretical analysis, dynamic analysis, mathematical analysis and case analysis.

【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F121.3;F124


本文编号：1852417