国有企业收入分配差距问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 19:28

本文选题：国有企业 + 收入差距　；参考：《浙江财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：收入分配问题关系到千家万户的生活与切身利益，历来是社会各界关注的经济与社会问题。据国家统计局2014年1月20日发布的统计数据，我国2013年的基尼系数为0.473，虽然延续了2008年（0.491）以来的下降趋势，但还是处于国际社会普遍认为的收入差距较大行列。虽然收入差距扩大在一定程度上是改革开放以来市场经济不断发展的结果，但我国的收入差距中有诸多不合理不公平的因素，如国有企业特别是垄断国企的高工资进而引起其与社会平均工资水平的持续拉大，引起社会各界的广泛关注。本文试图探究国有企业收入分配的合理性及引起收入差距的制度原因，期望让人认识国有企业收入分配改革的紧迫性，，并为国企收入分配机制改革提出适当的政策建议。整体思路上，文章从产权理论和实证分析两个角度进行论述，前者是国有企业收入分配问题的制度根源，后者主要包括上市公司案例分析和工资差异均值分解方法，它们从不同方面论证国有企业收入分配的不合理性。分析方法上，本文主要运用了历史分析法、对比分析法及定量与定性相结合的方法。内容安排上，第一章是导论，主要介绍文章写作背景、研究思路、创新点与不足；第二章是文献综述与收入分配的理论基础，主要介绍了边际生产力分配论和马克思收入分配理论；第三章是国企与收入分配差距的理论分析，主要从国企收入分配行为特征、国企垄断地位与政策优惠及国企高管薪酬改革等方面进行了理论阐述；第四章是国有企业制度变迁与收入分配制度沿革；最后三章第五、第六、第七章是核心章节，其中第五章是国企与私企收入差距分析，主要分三节来展开，分别考察垄断性国企与私企收入差距、竞争性国企与私企收入差距以及国企与私企工资差异的Oaxaca-Blinder分解，从实证角度考察国企收入分配的合理性，第六章是国企内部收入差距，本文关注的是高管与普通职工的工资差距，第七章是对国企与收入差距的理论解释，文章指出，国有产权的内在矛盾既是国企与私企收入差距的根本原因，也是国企高管与普通职工收入差距的必然解释，另外，国企利润上交比例过低是国企工资高企的直接原因。通过理论分析与实证检验，文章的结论如下：1）垄断性国企与私企工资差距过大，且这种工资差距不是企业劳动者自身特征所能完全解释的，即存在国有企业对私营企业的收入分配“歧视”，主要原因是垄断性国企获得超额垄断利润，且部分利润被国企内部职工瓜分；竞争性国企与私企工资差距较大的现象没有垄断行业那么显著，这可能是由于竞争性国企的收入分配机制更加市场化；2）国企内部高管与普通职工的收入差距也非常显著，这种现象不论在垄断性国企还是竞争性国企都存在，虽然在工资倍数等相对指标上不是特别显眼，但从工资差距绝对数值来看已经非常巨大，可达上百万之多；3）不论是国企与私企的工资差距，还是国企内部高管与职工的工资差距，根本原因都是国有产权的内在矛盾。另外，国有企业利润上交比例太低是国企职工工资持续高于社会平均水平并不断增长的直接原因。
[Abstract]:The issue of income distribution concerns the life and vital interests of thousands of households. It has always been an economic and social problem of all circles of society. According to the statistics published by the National Bureau of statistics in January 20, 2014, the Gini coefficient in 2013 is 0.473. Although it continues the downward trend since 2008 (0.491), it is still generally believed by the international community. Although the widening of income gap is to some extent the result of the continuous development of the market economy since the reform and opening up, there are many irrational and unfair factors in the income gap in China, such as the high wages of state-owned enterprises, especially the monopolized state-owned enterprises, which lead to the sustained expansion of the average wage level and the social average wage. This article tries to explore the rationality of the income distribution of the state-owned enterprises and the institutional reasons for the income gap, hoping to make people know the urgency of the reform of the income distribution of the state-owned enterprises and put forward the appropriate policy suggestions for the reform of the income distribution mechanism of the state-owned enterprises.
On the whole, the article discusses from two angles: the property right theory and the empirical analysis. The former is the institutional source of the income distribution of the state-owned enterprises, the latter mainly includes the case analysis of the listed companies and the means of the mean decomposition of the wage difference. They demonstrate the irrational income distribution of the state-owned enterprises from different aspects. The main use of historical analysis, comparative analysis and quantitative and qualitative methods. The content arrangement, the first chapter is the introduction, the main introduction of the article writing background, research ideas, innovation and deficiencies; the second chapter is the theoretical basis of the literature review and income distribution, the main introduction of the marginal productivity distribution theory and Marx income points. The third chapter is the theoretical analysis of the gap between state-owned enterprises and income distribution, mainly from the characteristics of the income distribution of state-owned enterprises, the monopoly status of state-owned enterprises and preferential policy and the reform of the salary of state-owned enterprises, and the fourth chapter is the system evolution of state-owned enterprises and the evolution of the income distribution system; the last three chapters, fifth, sixth, seventh. The chapter is the core chapter. The fifth chapter is the analysis of the income gap between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. It is mainly divided into three sections to investigate the income gap between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, the income gap between competitive state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition of wage differentials between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. The rationality of the income distribution of state-owned enterprises is examined from the perspective of sixth chapters. It is the income gap between state-owned enterprises. This article is concerned with the wage gap between senior executives and ordinary workers. The seventh chapter is the theoretical explanation of the gap between state-owned enterprises and income. The article points out that the internal contradictions of state-owned property rights are the fundamental reasons for the income gap between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, and the inevitable explanation for the income gap between state-owned enterprises and ordinary workers, and the state-owned enterprises. The low proportion of profits is a direct reason for the high wages of state-owned enterprises.
Through theoretical analysis and empirical test, the conclusions are as follows: 1) the wage gap between monopoly state-owned enterprises and private enterprises is too large, and the wage gap is not completely explained by the characteristics of the enterprise workers themselves, that is, the "discrimination" of the income distribution of the private enterprises by the state-owned enterprises, the main reason is that the monopolistic state-owned enterprises obtain excess monopoly profits. And some of the profits are divided by the employees in the state-owned enterprises; the wage gap between the competitive state-owned enterprises and the private enterprises is not so significant as the monopoly industry. This may be because the income distribution mechanism of the competitive state-owned enterprises is more marketable; 2) the income gap between the internal executives and the ordinary workers is also very significant, this phenomenon is no matter in the monopolistic country. Enterprise or competitive state-owned enterprise all exist, although the relative index of wages is not particularly prominent, but from the absolute value of the wage gap is very huge, up to a million. 3) whether it is the wage gap between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, or the wage gap between state-owned enterprises and employees, the fundamental reason is the internal property rights. In contradiction, in addition, the low proportion of state-owned enterprises' profits is the direct reason why the wages of state-owned enterprises are consistently higher than the average level of society.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.1;F124.7

【参考文献】