国际气候变化谈判与山东省出口导向型产业结构调整研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 20:47

本文选题：气候变化谈判 + 出口导向　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：气候变化是国际社会普遍关注的全球性问题。各国携手控制温室气体排放、应对气候变化，共同推进绿色、低碳发展已成为当今世界的主流。气候变化谈判走过20年的历程，应对全球气候变化，出台各项协定和对策,对各国减少二氧化碳排放和产品含碳量的要求越来越强烈。山东省作为中国东部出口大省，外贸发展迅速，成为出口导向型经济的典型代表。然而山东省在发展出口导向型产业的过程中也暴露出诸多问题，限制着山东省出口产业的持续有效发展。本文对气候变化谈判的现状和影响气候变化谈判走向的因素进行分析，在此基础上预测未来气候变化谈判的走势：气候变化谈判将继续进行，而且对减排的限制会随着气候变暖越来越严苛。反映在出口导向型产业的发展上，气候变化谈判将会对出口导向型产业在“碳减排”、“碳税”以及“碳关税”贸易壁垒等方面提出重重挑战，但目前山东省出口导向型产业结构不平衡，无论是出口产品种类还是出口主要地区都出现失衡严重的情况。而且存在诸如问题，极大遏制山东省出口导向型产业的发展。同时经过对山东省出口贸易量和碳排放量的计量测算，发现山东省的出口贸易与碳排放之间存在着长期均衡关系，出口贸易量是碳排放的影响因子，而且出口贸易量对碳排放影响的效应为正，出口贸易的继续扩大会对增加山东省二氧化碳排放量起到推动作用。山东省作为出口贸易大省，出口贸易额逐年增加，导致的结果是碳排放的进一步提高，碳排放量的提高加上减排压力又对山东省的出口贸易发展提出严峻挑战，形成恶性循环。山东省出口导向型产业亟需抓住机遇，，应对挑战，积极有效调整出口导向型产业结构。通过对山东省出口导向型产业结构调整的SWOT分析，对各个因素进行有效阐述，结合产业结构优化升级理论对山东省出口导向型产业结构的调整提出针对性建议。山东省可以从产业结构合理化和产业结构高级化出发，加上辅助性的支持措施，完善出口导向型产结构调整。具体来说可以从控制高碳产业的过快增长，大力扶持低碳新兴产业发展，推进贸易市场的多元化；加快出口导向型产业结构优化升级步伐，加强低碳技术的研发和利用、降低产业中间链碳排放，提升低碳出口商品品牌与质量，根据产品能耗量和碳排放量、采取不同的对策和措施，积极使用可再生能源、调整能源使用结构，完善法律制度、建设低碳产业发展的法律体系等方面开展切实有效的措施，实现出口导向型产业结构调整，保证山东省出口贸易的健康持续发展。
[Abstract]:Climate change is a global issue of universal concern to the international community. Countries join hands to control greenhouse gas emissions, deal with climate change, jointly promote green, low-carbon development has become the mainstream of the world. Climate change negotiations have taken over 20 years to deal with global climate change and to issue agreements and measures that demand countries to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and carbon content in their products. As a large export province in eastern China, Shandong Province has developed rapidly and become a typical representative of export-oriented economy. However, many problems have been exposed in the process of developing export-oriented industry in Shandong Province, which limits the sustainable and effective development of export industry in Shandong Province. Based on the analysis of the current situation of climate change negotiations and the factors affecting the trend of climate change negotiations, this paper predicts the future trend of climate change negotiations: the climate change negotiations will continue. And restrictions on reducing emissions will get tougher as the climate warms. Reflecting the development of export-oriented industries, the climate change negotiations will challenge export-oriented industries in terms of "carbon reduction", "carbon tax" and "carbon tariff" trade barriers. However, the export-oriented industrial structure of Shandong Province is not balanced at present, whether it is the type of export products or the main export regions, there is a serious imbalance. And there are such problems, greatly curb the development of Shandong export-oriented industry. At the same time, through the measurement of export trade volume and carbon emissions of Shandong Province, it is found that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between export trade and carbon emissions in Shandong Province, and export trade volume is the influencing factor of carbon emissions. Moreover, the effect of export trade on carbon emissions is positive, and the further expansion of export trade will promote the increase of carbon dioxide emissions in Shandong Province. As a large province of export trade, the export trade volume of Shandong Province increases year by year, which results in the further increase of carbon emissions, and the increase of carbon emissions and the pressure of emission reduction pose a severe challenge to the development of export trade of Shandong Province, and form a vicious circle. Shandong export-oriented industry needs to seize the opportunity, meet the challenge and adjust the structure of export-oriented industry actively and effectively. Based on the SWOT analysis of the readjustment of the export-oriented industrial structure of Shandong Province, this paper expounds each factor effectively, and puts forward some suggestions on the adjustment of the export-oriented industrial structure of Shandong Province in combination with the theory of optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure. Shandong Province can perfect the readjustment of export-oriented production structure from the rationalization of industrial structure and the upgrading of industrial structure, plus the supporting measures. Specifically, we can control the excessive growth of high-carbon industries, vigorously support the development of low-carbon emerging industries, promote the diversification of trade markets, accelerate the pace of optimizing and upgrading the export-oriented industrial structure, and strengthen the research and development and utilization of low-carbon technologies. Reduce the carbon emission of industry intermediate chain, improve the brand and quality of low carbon export commodity, adopt different countermeasures and measures according to energy consumption and carbon emission, actively use renewable energy, adjust the structure of energy use, and perfect the legal system. In order to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of export trade in Shandong Province, we should carry out practical and effective measures to realize the readjustment of export-oriented industrial structure in the construction of legal system for the development of low-carbon industries.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F127;P467;X32

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