新型大国经济关系的生成改革开放以来的中美经济外交（1978-2012）

发布时间：2018-06-07 19:19

  本文选题：中美关系 + 经济外交　； 参考：《复旦大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：21世纪是中美关系的世纪,把握21世纪的国际秩序,必须首先研究中美关系。洞察中美关系的发展趋势,根本在于把握中美经济关系的发展,而从国际政治研究的角度而言,把握中美经济关系的趋势,关键是研究中美经济外交。中美经济外交最核心的线索是崛起的国家与守成国家的互动发展关系。基于垂直分工的经济互补、基于相互依存不对称向对称的发展、崛起国家与守成国家的互动,这三大因素构成了中美经济外交的结构特征和环境。美方在国际分工中总体处于上游、在相互依存中拥有优势,常常是中美经济外交互动中的施动方,中方常常处于应对方,但从体系而言,美方总体处于守成一方,中方处于崛起方,中方拥有的资源和能力不断增强,从而日益具有主动性和话语权。随着相互依存的发展,中美经济外交中结构性因素潜移默化发生变化,但美方仍然居于优势地位,除了贸易领域,投资领域、金融领域的不对称性依然显著,但变化已经开始向投资和金融领域延伸。双边宏观协调已经建立机制化渠道,全球治理也在双边机制范围内率先发酵,并对多边对话发挥着着引领作用。从制度变迁的角度而言,依据双边经济沟通机制的建设情况和参与体系层面制度的建设情况,改革开放以来的中美经济外交可以划分为四个阶段：中美经济外交初始化(1978-1988),中美相互给予最惠国待遇这一基础设施,缔结中美贸易协议,中美经济外交初始化；中美经济外交正常化(1989-2000),历经政治动荡,确立PNTR关系,签订入世协议,中美经济外交政治脱敏,启动了中美经济外交正常化阶段；中美经济外交机制化(2001-2007),2001年中国入世,中美双边有了共同的底层的经济沟通机制,2006年中美设立战略经济对话机制,构成中美经济外交顶层设计,从而中美经济外交形成了多层次立体沟通机制,机制化特征显著；中美经济外交包容化(2008-2012),在金融危机面前,全球第一和第二大经济体、增长发动机,休戚相关,参与宏观协调和全球经济治理,中国于2011年承认了美国领导的国际经济秩序的主导作用,与美国2006年认为中国已经纳入到体系内发展遥相呼应,一种相互包容的经济外交形成,一种新型大国经济关系开始。这种新型大国经济关系新鲜在三处：不同于一战前历史上,崛起国家和守成国家互动的方式,他们最后都走向了战争；不同于一战后美苏的经济竞争和外交,他们最后闹了个你死我活；不同于二战后美国与德国日本的经济外交,德国和日本的经济外交是在美国主导的体系内进行。中美经济外交走出了一条不同社会制度的经济体,从体系外到体系内再共同参与国际经济规则和秩序建设的的经济外交互动路径,一种新型大国经济关系形成,这种新型大国经济关系为全面的新型大国关系铺就了道路。35年的中美经济外交验证了,美国对华保持接触外交和中国对美持续开放这一互动模式的理性。35年来,美国的遏制和制裁都最后损人不利己,35年来中国的开放与进步收获了持续的红利。尽管前路仍有坎坷,但这种理性和战略必须坚持,这是构建新型大国关系的关键姿态。如果没有意外,中国的崛起和美国的守成,是一个长期的互动过程。2012年中国经济总量才占美国经济总量的51%,如果中美保持过去35年的经济增长绩效,中国最快10多年,最慢需要近百年,才能在经济总量上赶上美国。相互依存的对称性发展,也需要更长的时间。权力转移是渐进的,尽管中国迅速崛起,美国仍然拥有相对优势。美国需要中国分担更多的国际责任,中国也愿意分享更多国际话语权。中国积极参与国际秩序的建设,需要提供更多国际公共产品,中国如想实现大国梦、强国梦,除了自身的发展和壮大,必须能够给国际社会提供普世价值、提供国际公共产品和服务,随着力量的发展,必须更有担当。在一个竞争性的国际社会中,权力与责任是会趋于对应的。这是崛起的中国必须正面的,理性看待的。从美国角度而言,保持开放和包容,是美国主导的国际体系能够继续焕发新生命的关键。
[Abstract]:Twenty-first Century is the century of Sino US relations. To grasp the international order of the twenty-first Century, we must first study the relationship between China and the United States. To see the development trend of Sino US relations is to grasp the development of Sino US economic relations. From the perspective of international political research, the key to grasp the trend of economic relations between China and the United States is to study the economic diplomacy of the United States and the United States. The key clue is the interactive development relationship between the rising and the conserved countries. Based on the economic complementarity of the vertical division of labor, the development of the mutual dependence asymmetry to the symmetry, the rise of the interaction between the country and the country, the three factors constitute the structural characteristics and the environment of the economic diplomacy of the United States and the United States. The United States is generally in the international division of labor. The Chinese side is often on the other side, but from the system, the United States is generally on the defensive side, the Chinese side is on the rise, the Chinese side has increased its resources and capacity, and thus increasingly has the initiative and the right to speak. With the development of interdependence, The structural factors of American economic diplomacy have changed in a subtle way, but the United States still occupies a dominant position. In addition to the trade, investment and financial fields, the asymmetry is still significant, but the change has begun to extend to the investment and financial fields. Bilateral macro coordination has established a mechanism channel and global governance is also in the scope of bilateral mechanisms. From the perspective of institutional change, the economic diplomacy of China and the United States can be divided into four stages, according to the construction of bilateral economic communication mechanism and the construction of the system level of participation system. The Chinese and American economic diplomacy initialization (1978-1988), China and the United States each other. The infrastructure of the most favored nation treatment, the Sino US trade agreement, the Sino US economic diplomacy initialization, the normalization of Sino US economic diplomacy (1989-2000), the political turmoil, the establishment of PNTR relations, the signing of the WTO agreement, the desensitization of the Sino US economic diplomacy and the Sino US economic diplomatic normalization stage, and the economic diplomatic mechanism of China and the United States (2001-2 007), in 2001 China entered WTO, China and the United States had a common underlying economic communication mechanism. In 2006, China and the United States set up a strategic economic dialogue mechanism, which constituted the top level of Sino US economic and diplomatic design. Thus, the Sino US economic diplomacy formed a multi-level and three-dimensional communication mechanism, and the characteristics of the institutionalization were obvious; China and the United States economic and diplomatic inclusion (2008-2012), in the financial crisis. In front of the machine, the world's first and second largest economies are growing engines, closely related, involved in macro coordination and global economic governance. In 2011, China recognized the leading role of the United States led international economic order. It echoed the development of the United States in 2006, and a mutually inclusive economic diplomacy. The economic relations of a new type of great power began. This new country's economic relationship was fresh in three places: different from the pre war history, the rise of the country and the state of national interaction, they finally went to the war; different from the economic competition and diplomacy of the United States and Soviet Union after the first war, they were the most different from the United States after World War II. Economic diplomacy with Germany and Japan, the economic diplomacy of Germany and Japan is carried out in the system dominated by the United States. The economic diplomacy of China and the United States has come out of a different social system, from the system outside the system to the system of international economic rules and order construction, and the economic relations of a new country. This new country's economic relationship has paved the way for a comprehensive new type of great power relations in the.35 years of China and the United States' economic diplomacy. In the rational.35 year of the United States to China to maintain contact with China and the continuous opening of the United States to the United States, the United States' containment and sanctions have been lost to others at the end of the year, and the opening and progress of China in the past 35 years has been harvested. In spite of the fact that there is no accident, China's rise and the United States have been a long-term interactive process in which the Chinese economy accounted for 51% of the total economic volume of the United States in.2012, if China and the United States maintained the past 35 years. The performance of economic growth, China's fastest 10 years, the slowest need nearly a hundred years to catch up with the United States in economic aggregate. The symmetry of interdependence will take longer. The transfer of power is gradual. Despite the rapid rise of China, the United States still has a relative advantage. Share more international discourse power. China actively participates in the construction of the international order. It needs to provide more international public products. If China wants to realize a great power dream and a powerful dream, in addition to its own development and growth, it must provide universal value to the international community and provide international communism and services. With the development of strength, it must be more responsible. In a competitive international community, power and responsibility tend to correspond. This is the rise of China that must be positive and rational. From the perspective of the United States, maintaining openness and tolerance is the key to the continued new life of the United States led international system.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F125;D822.371.2
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本文编号：1992500