山东省城乡居民收入差距的实证分析

发布时间：2018-06-30 11:07

本文选题：城乡居民收入差距 + 经济发展　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国的经济水平快速发展,人民生活大幅度提高,但是城乡之间发展极不均衡,城市经济进步很大,而农村经济增长缓慢,城乡之间差距逐渐变大。尤其是二十世纪以来,城乡居民收入过大的问题更加严重,不仅阻碍了社会经济的发展,还对政治的稳定造成了影响,城乡居民收入差距是发展中国家在经济发展过程中的必然现象。山东省处于我国经济发展较高的水平,近年来,政府开始重视农村和农业的发展,山东省城乡居民的收入差距有所缩小,城乡发展不协调的问题有所改善,但是城乡收入差距依然很大。我们不能只片面的追求当前经济的发展,也要考虑社会的平衡和稳定,促进城乡共同发展。探究城乡居民收入差距的变化趋势,找出引起城乡居民收入差距扩大的原因,并采取措施缩小之间的差距是非常重要的。这篇文章的第一部分是绪论,简单介绍了研究背景及意义,国内外文献综述等问题。第二部分是相关的理论基础,对城乡收入的相关概念和本文运用的统计思想进行简要的说明。第三部分是对山东省城乡居民收入的基本情况进行了细致的研究和分析。首先运用描述性的统计分析方法研究了山东省城乡居民收入差距的变化趋势,大体分为四个阶段,整体呈现先扩大后缩小再扩大再缩小的变化趋势,并分析了各个阶段的形成原因。其次把山东省城乡居民的收入差距水平与全国城乡居民的平均收入水平进行比较,可以看出两者的变化趋势是一致的,而且山东省的城乡收入差距一直低于全国城乡收入差距的平均水平。最后在空间上,对山东省17个地市按照城乡居民的收入水平进行了系统聚类,把17个地市分成了四类。第四部分是对山东省城乡收入差距进行实证分析。首先,从收入结构的方面探究了山东省城乡收入比与四个不同来源的城乡收入比之间的线性关系。其次还探索了在经济发展,城乡二元结构,财政资金转移以及教育等这几个方面对城乡居民收入差距的影响。在经济发展方面对城乡收入比和人均GDP拟合二次函数模型,验证了倒U型假说。城乡二元结构方面采用了主成分回归的方法,而其他方面则运用了逐步回归的方法,探究了农业和非农业劳动生产率,二元对比系数,城市化程度,农村固定资产投资比例,政府支农比例,教育等对山东省城乡收入比的影响。第五部分是根据这些结论提出缩小城乡收入差距的针对性政策建议,建立城乡统一的户籍制度,加大对农村的投资,大力发展农村非农产业,统筹城乡社会保障体系,发展农村教育事业是非常重要的。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the economic level of our country has developed rapidly, and the people's life has been greatly improved. However, the development between urban and rural areas is extremely uneven, the urban economic progress is great, while the rural economic growth is slow, and the gap between urban and rural areas is gradually increasing. Especially since the 20th century, the problem of excessive income of urban and rural residents has become more serious, which not only hinders the development of social economy, but also has an impact on political stability. The income gap between urban and rural residents is an inevitable phenomenon in the process of economic development in developing countries. Shandong Province is at a high level of economic development in China. In recent years, the government has begun to attach importance to the development of rural areas and agriculture. The income gap between urban and rural residents in Shandong Province has narrowed, and the problems of uncoordinated development between urban and rural areas have been improved. But the income gap between urban and rural areas is still very large. We should not only pursue the current economic development, but also consider the social balance and stability to promote the common development of urban and rural areas. It is very important to explore the changing trend of income gap between urban and rural residents, to find out the reasons for the widening of income gap between urban and rural residents, and to take measures to narrow the gap. The first part of this article is an introduction, briefly introduces the research background and significance, domestic and foreign literature review and other issues. The second part is the related theoretical basis, the related concepts of urban and rural income and the statistical ideas used in this paper are briefly explained. The third part is a detailed study and analysis of the income of urban and rural residents in Shandong Province. Firstly, the paper studies the trend of income gap between urban and rural residents in Shandong Province by using descriptive statistical analysis method, which is divided into four stages. The formation reasons of each stage are analyzed. Secondly, by comparing the income gap between urban and rural residents in Shandong Province and the average income level of urban and rural residents throughout the country, we can see that the trend of change between them is consistent. And Shandong Province's urban-rural income gap has been lower than the national average level of urban-rural income gap. Finally, in space, 17 cities in Shandong Province are divided into four categories according to the income level of urban and rural residents. The fourth part is the empirical analysis of urban and rural income gap in Shandong Province. Firstly, the linear relationship between the urban-rural income ratio of Shandong Province and the urban-rural income ratio of four different sources is explored from the aspect of income structure. Secondly, it explores the effects of economic development, urban-rural dual structure, financial capital transfer and education on the income gap between urban and rural residents. In the aspect of economic development, the quadratic function model of urban-rural income ratio and per capita GDP is fitted to verify the inverted U-type hypothesis. In the aspect of urban-rural dual structure, principal component regression method is adopted, while other aspects use stepwise regression method to explore agricultural and non-agricultural labor productivity, dual contrast coefficient, degree of urbanization, proportion of rural fixed assets investment, etc. The government supports agriculture proportion, education and so on to Shandong Province urban and rural income ratio's influence. The fifth part is based on these conclusions to put forward targeted policy recommendations to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, establish a unified urban-rural household registration system, increase investment in rural areas, vigorously develop rural non-agricultural industries, and coordinate the urban and rural social security system. It is very important to develop rural education.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124.7

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