中国居民资产不平等研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 18:09

【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,科技进步日新月异,世界经济飞速发展,尤其在经济全球化的背景下,经济的发展更是迅猛。但与此同时,世界上很多国家的不平等(收入、资产、财富、福利等)在加剧。改革开放的三十多年,中国的经济发展取得了举世瞩目的成就,人们的生活水平有了显著提高。但作为世界上最大的发展中国家,中国的贫富差距问题却日益严重,不平等问题愈演愈烈。国内已有大量文献研究收入不平等,而对资产不平等的研究还十分稀少,鉴于此,本文对居民资产不平等进行研究。由于个体在消费和储蓄时关注的是当前资产水平和未来预期收入,也就是说资产存量而非当期收入决定个体的消费和储蓄;其次,资产分布状况在很大程度上影响了国民的消费结构和储蓄结构,进而影响了宏观经济的正常运行;另外由于经济基础、地理因素和其他原因,居民资产的不平等水平日益严重。本文研究不平等时首先介绍了测度不平等的主流方法和现代方法,这些主流方法包括基尼系数和洛伦兹曲线,泰尔指数,变异系数和扭曲系数等。而测度不平等的现代方法包括Bonferroni指数与De Vergottini指数。在此基础上分析了每种指标的优缺点及适用情况,并对比了B指数、V指数与G指数。结果发现:第一,当需要按收入来源进行不平等的分解时最好使用基尼指数。第二,当需要进行不平等的群组间的分解时最好使用泰尔指数。第三,B指数关注的重点是低收入群体,V指数关注的重点是高收入群体,G指数关注的重点是中等收入群体。第四,B指数、V指数不满足道尔顿人口原则而G指数满足。第五,这三个指数都满足庀古.道尔顿转移原则,B指数满足位置转移敏感性原则(PPTS)而V指数、G指数不满足该原则。本文首先使用B指数、V指数与G指数对中国居民资产不平等进行了整体测度,然后在居民资产构成上对不平等进行分解时采用基尼系数与Bonferroni指数,发现奢侈品等其他非金融资产和金融资产的不平等性是最高的。在进行居民资产的城乡分解时,使用泰尔指数法和Bonferroni指数法都发现城乡间的差距对总不平等的影响很小。使用泰尔指数法发现,农村居民资产的不平等水平较城镇居民较高;使用Bonferroni指数法发现,城镇居民资产的不平等水平较农村居民较高。这与不同指数对不同收入群体的敏感性及政府的福利政策密切相关,泰尔指数对高收入群体的收入变化很敏感,Bonferroni指数对低收入群体的收入变化很敏感。对居民资产进行区域分解时使用泰尔指数和Bonferroni指数分解法都发现区域间的不平等对总不平等的影响很小,东部地区居民资产的不平等性最高,西部地区次之,中部地区的不平等性最低。为此,本文提出以下几点建议。第一,综合运用不平等的测量方法。第二,采取不同的措施降低城镇内部的不平等和农村内部的不平等。第三,针对区域的不同特点采取不同种措施来缩小东、中、西区域内部内部的资产差距。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, science and technology have progressed with each passing day, the world economy has developed rapidly, especially in the context of economic globalization. At the same time, inequality (income, assets, wealth, welfare, etc.) in many countries in the world has intensified. However, as the largest developing country in the world, the gap between the rich and the poor is becoming more and more serious, and inequality is becoming more and more serious. Because individuals are concerned about the current level of assets and future expected income when they consume and save, that is to say, the stock of assets rather than current income determines the consumption and savings of individuals; secondly, the distribution of assets to a large extent affects the consumption structure and savings structure of the people, thereby affecting the normal operation of the macro-economy. In addition, due to economic foundation, geographical factors and other reasons, the level of inequality in residential assets is becoming more and more serious. This paper first introduces the mainstream methods and modern methods of measuring inequality, which include Gini coefficient and Lorentz curve, Theil index, coefficient of variation and coefficient of distortion. Modern methods include the Bonferroni index and the De Vergottini index. On this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of each index and its application are analyzed, and the B index, V index and G index are compared. The results show that: first, the Gini index is best used when unequal decomposition is needed according to income sources. Second, when unequal groups are needed. Thirdly, the focus of index B is on the low-income group, the focus of index V is on the high-income group, and the focus of index G is on the middle-income group. Then, the B index satisfies the PPTS principle while the V index and G index do not. Firstly, this paper uses the B index, V index and G index to measure the inequality of Chinese residents'assets as a whole, and then uses Gini coefficient and Bonferroni index to decompose the inequality of Chinese residents' assets and finds luxury goods. The inequality of non-financial assets and financial assets is the highest. In the process of decomposing the urban and rural residents'assets, both the Theil index method and Bonferroni index method find that the gap between urban and rural areas has little effect on the total inequality. Rroni index method found that the urban residents'asset inequality is higher than that of rural residents, which is closely related to the sensitivity of different indicators to different income groups and government welfare policies. Theil index is very sensitive to the income changes of high-income groups, and Bonferroni index is very sensitive to the income changes of low-income groups. In the process of regional decomposition, both Theil index and Bonferroni index decomposition are used to find that regional inequality has little effect on the total inequality. The inequality of residents'assets in the eastern region is the highest, followed by the western region and the central region is the lowest. Methods. Secondly, different measures were taken to reduce the urban and rural inequality. Thirdly, different measures were taken to narrow the internal asset gap among the eastern, central and western regions according to the different characteristics of the region.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124.7

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