南部非洲五国农林资源及中非合作潜力研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 10:45

【摘要】：2012年，浙江农林大学和国际竹藤组织联合组建了非洲农林研究院(CAFOR)。本文作为非洲农林研究院农业部中非农业合作国别报告的一部分，针对南部非洲的五个国家——纳米比亚、博茨瓦纳、南非、莱索托和斯威士兰，就该五国当前农林业资源状况和资源利用上存在的问题进行了较为系统的论述，，并对中国和南部非洲五国的农业和林业两个方面的发展情况进行了比较。在此基础上，分析我国农林业发展的原因，进而提出中国与南部非洲地区农林业合作的建议，为中非农林业合作开发与研究提供信息。具体结论如下：农业上，南部非洲受到殖民时期非洲农业发展的影响，非洲国家当前的农业政策仍带有一定殖民经济的性质，偏向发展少数几种出口作物，国内农业投资少，无法满足消费需求。粮食过分依赖进口，对外依赖性大，因此国际市场等外部条件的变化对非洲国家的冲击性强。非洲国家应加强对农业发展的重视，把提高粮食产量、实现粮食自给、保证国家粮食安全作为发展农业的首要任务，实施重农惠农的措施；制定相应的优惠政策，吸引国外投资。同时要加强先进农业技术的引进、研发和推广，培养科技人才，深入实地，加强与农民的联系，解决农民生产中的问题，引导、培训农民运用新技术发展农业生产。此外，有必要进行农田基本建设，平整土地，改良盐碱地，施用有机肥；改善农田灌溉条件，推广节水灌溉；建立有效的防治体系，加强对自然灾害的抵御能力，加强病虫害防治等手段，减少自然灾害造成的损失。林业上，南部非洲发展以木材采伐为主，木材多以原木形式出口，深加工很少，经济结构比较单一。缺少先进的技术、设备和方法，木材开发的利用率不高，自然消耗的木材量很大，造成木材的大量浪费。突出问题在于木材采伐量大，而木材加工工业薄弱。为此，建议对初级林产品进行深加工，增加林产品附加值；根据非洲实际，运用一些适用于当地的技术，引进先进的生产设备，做好市场调查，开发林业新产品，增强非洲林产品的市场竞争力，扩展市场份额；同时注意培养当地的林业人才；最后，林业发展中要注重保护生态环境和森林资源，使人与自然协调发展，避免走“先发展后治理”的老路，发展生态林业。基于非洲的自然条件及我国的研发优势，本文建议南部非洲林业上可考虑种植竹子及四个速生树种，发展相应的产业。中国在南部非洲农林业发展中具备南部非洲所需的技术，中非农林业在原有合作基础上具有开展深入交流合作的潜力。希望本文的结果可为双方农林业的合作提供有用的信息。
[Abstract]:In 2012, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University and the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization jointly established the African Academy of Agriculture and Forestry (CAFOR). This paper, as part of the National report on Agricultural Cooperation between Africa and Africa of the Ministry of Agriculture of the African Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, is aimed at five countries in southern Africa-Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. This paper systematically discusses the current situation and utilization of agricultural and forestry resources in the five countries, and compares the development of agriculture and forestry between China and the five countries in southern Africa. On this basis, this paper analyzes the reasons for the development of agriculture and forestry in China, and then puts forward some suggestions for the cooperation between China and southern Africa in agriculture and forestry, and provides information for the development and research of agricultural forestry cooperation between China and Africa. The specific conclusions are as follows: in agriculture, southern Africa was affected by the agricultural development of Africa during the colonial period, and the current agricultural policies of African countries are still somewhat colonial in nature, favouring the development of a few export crops, Domestic agricultural investment is small, unable to meet consumer demand. Food is too dependent on imports and heavily dependent on foreign countries, so the changes in external conditions such as the international market have a strong impact on African countries. African countries should pay more attention to the development of agriculture, take increasing grain production, realizing self-sufficiency of grain, ensuring national food security as the primary task of developing agriculture, and implement measures to give priority to agriculture and benefit farmers; and formulate corresponding preferential policies. Attract foreign investment. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the introduction, research and development and popularization of advanced agricultural technology, train scientific and technological talents, go deep into the field, strengthen contact with farmers, solve problems in farmers' production, guide and train farmers to use new technologies to develop agricultural production. In addition, it is necessary to carry out farmland infrastructure, to level the land, to improve saline-alkali land, to apply organic fertilizer, to improve irrigation conditions and to promote water-saving irrigation, to establish effective control systems and to strengthen resilience to natural disasters, Strengthen pest control and other means to reduce the losses caused by natural disasters. In forestry, timber harvesting is the main development in southern Africa, timber is mostly exported in the form of logs, deep processing is rare, and the economic structure is relatively simple. Lack of advanced technology, equipment and methods, the utilization of wood development is not high, natural consumption of wood is very large, resulting in a large amount of waste of wood. The outstanding problem lies in the large amount of wood cutting, while the wood processing industry is weak. To this end, it is recommended that primary forest products be further processed to increase the added value of forest products, that, according to the reality in Africa, some locally applicable technologies be used, advanced production equipment be introduced, market research is done and new forestry products are developed. Enhance the market competitiveness of African forest products and expand market share; at the same time, pay attention to the training of local forestry personnel; finally, in forestry development, emphasis should be placed on the protection of the ecological environment and forest resources, so that people can develop in harmony with nature. Avoid taking the old road of "first development and then management", and develop ecological forestry. Based on the natural conditions of Africa and the advantages of R & D in China, this paper suggests that the planting of bamboo and four fast-growing trees should be considered in forestry of southern Africa to develop corresponding industries. China possesses the necessary technology for the development of agriculture and forestry in southern Africa, and China and Africa have the potential to carry out in-depth exchanges and cooperation on the basis of the original cooperation. It is hoped that the results of this paper can provide useful information for the cooperation between the two sides.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F125.5;F347

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