低碳经济背景下我国政府经济职能转变研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 05:49

【摘要】：政府经济职能是政府职能中最历久弥新的一项职能。从亚当·斯密的“自由放任理论”到20世纪30年代的凯恩斯主义“国家干预”理论的出世，从货币学派和供给学派的“市场自由论”到新的国家干预理论的出现，市场经济中政府的作用，经过了一个循环往复的过程。现在，大部分学者都已经承认国家干预与市场机制处在同等重要的位置上，而研究的重点就慢慢集中到政府经济职能的选择上以及政府干预的方式、范围和程度。低碳经济是未来世界经济的发展的方向，低碳经济追究其根本，其本质就是一种可持续发展的理念，利用科学技术、制度和能源创新，减少煤炭和石油这些高污染、高能耗的能源的使用，以此来控制温室气体的排放，实现一种经济发展与生态保护并行的双规发展模式。具体来说的话，目前的这种模式有低碳技术、低碳产业体系以及低碳能源系统等等。进行低碳经济的发展是我国未来经济的必然选择，也是提高我国综合国力的重要举措。而相对于政府职能，尤其是政府的经济职能，必须坚持与时俱进，才能不断的推动低碳经济的发展，而所谓的政府经济职能，其实就是国家为了更好的发展经济，对经济活动进行宏观调控，统筹管理的一系列职能。我国政府作为最高的行政权力机构，是制定宏观发展战略的主体，策略选择的正确与否直接影响着经济体制和企业生产的环境的好坏。鼓励和发展低碳经济不仅需要国家的政策支持，更加需要地方政府充分发挥好自身的经济职能，目前，在我国，政府的经济职能是一直运作的，政府部门拥有公共权力，他们利用这部分权力制定一系列的规则制度限制个人和组织的行为，在一定程度上，政府甚至可以调控这些个体的行为。同时为了维护市场的秩序，政府需要一些相关的法律法规，政府维护市场秩序的职能主要表现在保护合法产权、完善法制建设、理顺利益关系等方面。再就是政府通过经济职能，还可以为社会提供公共物品，所有社会成员都可以享受政府提供的集体消费品。尽管政府经济职能的运行取得了可观成绩，但是就目前的情况发展下去，是跟不上时代的步伐的，对于我国政府来说，必须要建立一套可以持久创新的经济职能机制，而这一机制将会是未来几年国家政府部门重视的工作点。因此，调整我国低碳经济发展的总体战略目标，积极转变我国政府经济职能配合低碳经济的高速发展是势在必行的。其中战略目标包括：建立能源战略储备体系，全面保障能源安全；到本世纪末，建成环境友好型，社会主义和谐的低碳社会；到本世纪中叶，低碳经济模式建立，成为我国主流经济发展模式。而政府如何转变经济职能配合低碳经济发展，则需要分别从政府与市场的关系、政策法规、地方碳交易市场机制、节能减排以及市场监管等五个方面入手，，全面转变政府经济职能，来推动我国低碳经济的发展，这样既可以达到国家可持续发展的目的，也能为中国特色社会主义建设提供长久的推动力。
[Abstract]:The economic function of government is one of the most enduring and new functions of government. From Adam Smith's "laissez-faire theory" to the birth of Keynesian "state intervention" theory in the 1930s, from the "market freedom theory" of Monetary School and supply school to the emergence of new theory of state intervention, the government in the market economy. At present, most scholars have recognized that state intervention and market mechanism are on the same important position, and the focus of research is gradually focused on the choice of government economic functions and the way, scope and degree of government intervention.
Low-carbon economy is the development direction of the world economy in the future. Low-carbon economy is a fundamental concept of sustainable development. It uses science and technology, system and energy innovation to reduce the use of high-polluting and energy-consuming energy such as coal and oil, so as to control greenhouse gas emissions and achieve economic development and life. To be specific, the current model includes low-carbon technology, low-carbon industrial system and low-carbon energy system. The development of low-carbon economy is an inevitable choice for China's future economy and an important measure to improve China's overall national strength. Economic functions must keep pace with the times in order to continuously promote the development of low-carbon economy. In fact, the so-called economic functions of the government are a series of functions of macro-control and overall management of economic activities in order to better develop the economy. Whether the strategy choice is right or not directly affects the environment of the economic system and enterprise production.
Encouraging and developing a low-carbon economy requires not only national policy support, but also local governments to give full play to their economic functions. At present, in China, the economic functions of the government have been functioning, and government departments have public power. They use this power to formulate a series of rules and regulations to restrict the behavior of individuals and organizations. At the same time, in order to maintain the order of the market, the government needs some relevant laws and regulations. The functions of the government to maintain the order of the market are mainly manifested in the protection of legitimate property rights, the improvement of the legal system and the smooth relationship between the interests. All members of society can enjoy the collective consumer goods provided by the government when the public goods are provided by the society. Despite the considerable achievements in the operation of the government's economic functions, the development of the present situation can not keep up with the pace of the times. For our government, it is necessary to establish a set of economic functional mechanisms that can be sustained and innovative. And this mechanism will be the focus of government departments in the next few years.
Therefore, it is imperative to adjust the overall strategic objectives of China's low-carbon economic development and actively change the economic functions of our government in line with the high-speed development of the low-carbon economy. By the middle of this century, the establishment of low-carbon economic model has become the mainstream economic development model in China. How to change the economic functions of the government to match the development of low-carbon economy, we need to start from the relationship between the government and the market, policies and regulations, local carbon trading market mechanism, energy conservation and emission reduction, and market supervision and other five aspects to comprehensively transform government. The government economic functions to promote the development of China's low-carbon economy, which can not only achieve the goal of sustainable development of the country, but also provide a long-term impetus for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F121;D630

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