教育投入及其不平等性对城乡收入差距影响的实证研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 06:49

【摘要】：随着我国收入分配领域改革的深入,城乡居民的生活水平得到了极大的改善,但与此同时,城乡居民收入差距却在持续扩大,已经影响到社会稳定和经济增长。城乡收入差距的扩大受到多种因素的综合影响,人力资本便是其中之一。通过人力资本的积累,个人可以充分发挥其潜能,提高工作水平,促进效率增长,有利于增加收入。因此,基于城乡居民收入差距所处的外部环境及形成原因,本文从人力资本的教育视角出发进行研究,给出相应的缩小该差距的合理的对策建议,使本文的研究对于改善收入差距现状具有理论上的扩展性和现实中的应用性。本论文从人力资本的教育投入视角出发研究城乡居民收入差距问题。文章基于研究背景、意义以及国内外关于该问题的研究综述,对城乡教育投入差异的具体表现、城乡居民收入差距的现状及形成原因以及教育投入对城乡居民收入差距的影响等问题进行了深入的分析。研究发现,教育与我国城乡收入差距存在着紧密的联系。首先,从教育投入水平的角度看。初等教育投入和中等教育投入的增加能起到改善城乡收入差距的作用,并且中等教育投入的影响更大,而高等教育投入的增加会使城乡收入差距现状恶化。因此,要从教育投入方面改善收入差距,应该把重点放在初等和中等教育投入上。其次,从区域教育投入差异角度看。对于西部来说,高等教育投入对于加剧城乡收入差距的作用更明显,而初等教育投入对于缩小城乡收入差距更有利且其对西部的作用比对于全国的作用更大。对于东部来说,教育投入越低越不利于缩小城乡收入差距,同时,高等教育投入需要达到很高水平才会加剧收入差距,中等教育投入规模扩大则会改善城乡收入差距现状。因此,若要缩小城乡收入差距,对于西部不发达区域来说,初等教育投入更重要且应该受到重视,对于东部发达区域来说,则应该增加中等教育的投入力度。最后,从城乡教育不平等角度看。其投入越平等,则越能够改善城乡收入差距现状。对于城市来说,教育投入的增加并不会改善收入差距。而农村则不同,在较低水平内增加教育投入就会对减小收入差距产生积极作用。所以要改善城乡收入差距,农村义务教育的投入必不可少,即通过提高义务教育质量提高农村的受教育水平。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of income distribution in China, the living standard of urban and rural residents has been greatly improved, but at the same time, the income gap between urban and rural residents has been expanding, which has affected social stability and economic growth. The widening of urban-rural income gap is affected by many factors, human capital is one of them. Through the accumulation of human capital, individuals can give full play to their potential, improve their working level, promote efficiency growth, and increase income. Therefore, based on the external environment of the income gap between urban and rural residents and the reasons for its formation, this paper makes a study from the perspective of human capital education, and puts forward some reasonable countermeasures and suggestions to narrow the gap. The research in this paper has theoretical expansibility and practical application to improve the income gap. This paper studies the income gap between urban and rural residents from the perspective of human capital education. Based on the research background, significance and domestic and foreign research on this issue, the article shows the difference between urban and rural education investment. The present situation and reasons of income gap between urban and rural residents and the influence of educational investment on income gap between urban and rural residents are analyzed. The study found that there is a close relationship between education and the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. First of all, from the perspective of the level of investment in education. The increase of investment in primary education and secondary education can improve the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the effect of investment in secondary education is even greater, while the increase of investment in higher education will worsen the current situation of income gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, to improve the income gap in terms of education investment, we should focus on primary and secondary education investment. Secondly, from the perspective of regional education investment differences. For the west, the investment of higher education plays a more important role in exacerbating the income gap between urban and rural areas, while the investment in primary education is more favorable for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas and plays a more important role in the west than in the whole country. For the east, the lower the investment in education is, the less conducive to narrowing the urban-rural income gap. At the same time, the higher education investment needs to reach a very high level to aggravate the income gap, and the expansion of the scale of the investment in secondary education will improve the current situation of the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, if we want to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, the investment in primary education is more important and should be paid attention to in the underdeveloped regions of the west, and in the developed regions in the east, the investment in secondary education should be increased. Finally, from the perspective of urban and rural education inequality. The more equal the input, the better the income gap between urban and rural areas can be improved. For cities, an increase in investment in education does not improve income inequality. In rural areas, increasing investment in education at lower levels will have a positive effect on reducing the income gap. Therefore, to improve the income gap between urban and rural areas, the input of rural compulsory education is essential, that is, to improve the quality of compulsory education in rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G521;F124.7

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