家庭大额消费（支出）的若干特征与实证研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 16:13

【摘要】：代表性家庭在既定的收入或财富约束下，寻求各种商品的最优配置以实现主流经济学中所定义的效用最大化，这是现代消费理论研究的一个基本框架，其中隐含的一个假定是所有商品和服务的消费量同时决定。显然，这一假定不符合中国家庭消费决策的特征。事实上，节俭和乐于储蓄是中华民族的传统美德，家庭总是在满足了日常生活所需的消费之后，将收入中剩下的部分储蓄起来，以应付各种可以预见或不可预见的大额支出，例如买房、重大疾病的医疗支出等。从这个意义上讲，并非所有商品和服务是同时决定的，这一点正是现有文献所忽略的。基于以上所述的中国家庭消费特征，本文的研究聚焦于家庭大额消费支出，将定性研究与定量研究相结合，同时使用了宏观数据和微观数据来研究家庭大额消费支出的特征，解释经济现象，提出政策含义。同时文章还分三个独立的部分分别研究了家庭教育消费、建房购房支出和医疗消费支出。本文的主要研究工作和创新点如下：第一，本文将心理学中心理账户的概念引入消费的习惯形成理论，将心理账户分为日常消费账户和一次性大额消费账户，构建了基于心理账户的习惯形成的理论模型，并针对中国城镇居民省际宏观面板数据进行了经验研究。理论模型和经验研究表明：中国城镇居民的一次性大额消费表现出耐久性和奢侈品消费特征，从理论上回答了为什么收入的上升有助于启动热点消费，并为近年来汽车消费的快速增长等经济现象提供了一个理论解释。第二，使用省际宏观面板数据和广义矩估计方法研究发现，少儿抚养比和老年抚养比的上升会减少教育消费支出，这表明义务教育阶段之后的学校教育以及学校教育之外的培训等构成了城镇居民家庭教育支出的最主要部分。第三，以农村家庭为样本的家庭建房支出的经验研究发现，家庭选择建房与否主要取决于家庭人均收入和人口规模所决定的家庭总收入，建房的价值跟家庭人均收入、户主年龄、民族等特征相关。同时，为了检验农村家庭是否会为了提高男孩在婚姻市场上的竞争力而选择建房、建大房，，文中也将家庭中未婚男孩的个数纳入模型，研究结果没有发现相关证据。第四，本文还使用微观数据和Heckman两步法研究了居民医疗消费支出的特点，研究发现，居民是否患有慢性病、年龄、性别等因素都会显著影响居民就医决策，在影响医疗支出水平上，家庭规模是一个重要的决定因素。医疗支出水平最主要是决定于疾病本身，而非外部因素。
[Abstract]:Under the constraint of income or wealth, representative families seek the optimal allocation of various commodities in order to maximize the utility as defined in mainstream economics, which is a basic framework for the study of modern consumption theory. An implicit assumption is that the consumption of all goods and services is determined at the same time. Clearly, this assumption does not conform to the characteristics of Chinese household consumption decision-making. In fact, thrift and willingness to save are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, and families always save the rest of their income for large, predictable or unforeseen expenses after they have met their daily needs. For example, buy a house, major illness medical expenses and so on. In this sense, not all goods and services are determined at the same time, which is neglected in existing literature. Based on the above mentioned characteristics of household consumption in China, the research in this paper focuses on household large consumption expenditure, combining qualitative research with quantitative research, and using macro and micro data to study the characteristics of household large consumption expenditure. Explain economic phenomena and put forward policy implications. At the same time, the article also studies the expenditure of family education, building house and medical treatment separately in three independent parts. The main research work and innovation of this paper are as follows: first, this paper introduces the concept of psychological account into the habit forming theory of consumption, and divides the psychological account into daily consumption account and one-off large consumption account. This paper constructs a theoretical model of habit formation based on psychological account, and makes an empirical study on the inter-provincial macro panel data of Chinese urban residents. Theoretical models and empirical studies show that the one-off large consumption of urban residents in China shows the characteristics of durability and luxury consumption, which theoretically answers why rising income helps to start hot consumption. It also provides a theoretical explanation for the rapid growth of automobile consumption and other economic phenomena in recent years. Secondly, using inter-provincial macro panel data and generalized moment estimation method, it is found that the increase of child dependency ratio and old age dependency ratio will reduce the education consumption expenditure. This indicates that after compulsory education school education and training outside school education constitute the most important part of urban residents' family education expenditure. Thirdly, the empirical study of household housing construction expenditure based on rural households shows that the choice of housing construction is mainly determined by the family per capita income and the total household income determined by the size of the population, the value of housing construction and the family per capita income. The age of head of household, nationality and other characteristics are related. At the same time, in order to test whether rural families will choose to build houses and build large houses in order to improve the competitiveness of boys in the marriage market, the number of unmarried boys in the family is also included in the model. Fourth, this paper also uses microdata and Heckman two-step method to study the characteristics of residents' medical expenditure, and finds that whether residents suffer from chronic diseases, age, sex and other factors will significantly affect residents' decision-making. Family size is an important determinant of health care expenditure levels. The level of health care spending is largely determined by the disease itself, not by external factors.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F126.1

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