湖北省城市居民贫困影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 06:49

【摘要】：贫困,自人类社会出现之始就一直与人类相伴。根据诸多学者的研究成果,贫困在狭义上可理解为经济概念下的贫困,广义上则包含文化、制度、观念、能力等多维度的贫困,是一个综合的概念,因此造成贫困的原因也是相当多元而复杂的。由于我国的农业大国背景,我国对于贫困的研究最初集中在农村范围。到了20世纪80年代,伴随改革开放的加深,伴随我国社会结构转型、经济体制转轨、经济和产业调整、国有企业改革而出现的城市贫困问题日益凸显,因此在这一时期,学界开始把目光投向了城市贫困问题。而湖北省在地缘上承接东西和南北,在全国省份中属于亟待振兴、处在崛起进程中的省份,其城市贫困的体现较为典型,具有一定研究价值。正是基于以上背景,本文旨在通过研究我国湖北省城市居民贫困的成因及其影响因素,重点对以下问题进行探讨：家庭特征(如家庭规模、家庭劳动力配置)对城市居民贫困的影响；居民健康状况对城市居民贫困的影响；居民人力资本状况对其贫困的影响；政策制度对城市居民贫困的影响。本文基于中国健康与营养调查(China Health and Nutrition Survey, CHNS) 2006年的数据,选取中国湖北省城市居民为分析样本。在充分整合理论、整理数据的基础上,采用贫困与否作为研究的因变量。在自变量的选择上,本文主要从家庭特征、居民健康状况、人力资本特征、政策制度特征四方面进行选取；其次,对数据进行描述性统计分析,探究湖北省城市居民贫困分布情况及家庭规模、人力资本等相关特征；再次,采用卡方检验实证研究家庭特征、居民健康状况、人力资本特征、政策制度特征变量对家庭、个人贫困的影响,从而考察家庭规模、家庭劳动力数量、个人受教育年限、家庭教育投入、医疗保险对于贫困的影响,分析得出城市贫困群体的特征及其贫困的影响因素。研究结果发现,家庭特征对城市居民影响显著：家庭劳动力人数越多,劳动力比例越大,家庭则更不易呈现出贫困状态。说明家庭规模过大、劳动力不足仍是影响城市家庭经济状态的重要因素,因此控制家庭人口、提升家庭就业率对缓解城市家庭贫困相当重要。居民身体健康状况与居民贫困显著相关：身体健康状况越好的个体,陷入贫困的可能性越低。健康状况不佳、因病误工成为制约城市贫困居民脱离贫困的关键因素。人力资本因素与城市居民贫困显著相关；政治制度特征中,是否享有医疗保险与居民贫困显著相关,且为负相关。说明完善医疗保险制度对降低城市家庭贫困发生率具有至关重要的作用。因此,根据本研究结果显示,在城市化进程加速而凸显出城市贫困问题的背景下,进行城市扶贫可从提升贫困居民就业、完善针对贫困居民的医疗保障、社会保障体系、增加城市贫困群体的教育投入和职业技能培训、完善城市贫困群体的诉求表达渠道等方面进行考虑。
[Abstract]:Poverty, since the emergence of human society has been accompanied by human beings. According to the research results of many scholars, poverty can be understood in a narrow sense as poverty under the concept of economy, and in a broad sense, it includes the multi-dimensional poverty of culture, institution, concept, ability, etc. It is a comprehensive concept. The causes of poverty are therefore quite diverse and complex. Because of the background of the big agricultural country, the research on poverty in our country initially concentrated on the rural area. In the 1980s, with the deepening of reform and opening up, with the transformation of social structure, economic system transition, economic and industrial adjustment, state-owned enterprises reform and the urban poverty problems have become increasingly prominent, so in this period, Scholars began to focus on urban poverty. However, Hubei province, which is in the process of rising and needs to be revitalized in the whole country, is a typical example of urban poverty, which is worthy of study in a certain degree because of its geographical acceptance of east-west and north-south, and it belongs to the provinces that need to be revitalized urgently. Based on the above background, this paper aims to study the causes of poverty of urban residents in Hubei Province and its influencing factors, focusing on the following issues: family characteristics, such as family size, The impact of household labor force allocation on urban residents' poverty; the impact of residents' health status on urban residents' poverty; the impact of residents' human capital status on their poverty; and the impact of policies and systems on urban residents' poverty. Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (China Health and Nutrition Survey, CHNS) in 2006, urban residents in Hubei Province of China were selected as the analysis samples. On the basis of fully integrating theory and collating data, poverty is adopted as the dependent variable of the study. In the choice of independent variables, this paper mainly from the family characteristics, residents' health status, human capital characteristics, policy and system characteristics of four aspects to select; secondly, the descriptive statistical analysis of the data, To explore the distribution of poverty, family size, human capital and other relevant characteristics of urban residents in Hubei Province. Thirdly, the chi-square test is used to study the family characteristics, residents' health status, human capital characteristics, policy and system characteristics of the family. The impact of individual poverty on the family size, the number of family labor force, the number of years of individual education, family education investment, medical insurance on poverty, the characteristics of urban poor groups and the factors affecting poverty are analyzed. The results show that family characteristics have a significant impact on urban residents: the more the number of family labor force, the larger the proportion of labor force, the more difficult it is for families to show poverty. It shows that the family size is too large and the labor shortage is still an important factor affecting the economic status of urban families. Therefore, it is very important to control the family population and increase the household employment rate to alleviate the urban family poverty. There is a significant correlation between residents' health and poverty: individuals with better health are less likely to fall into poverty. Poor health and delayed work become the key factors restricting poor urban residents from getting out of poverty. The factors of human capital are significantly related to urban poverty, and there is a negative correlation between the ownership of medical insurance and the poverty of urban residents. It shows that improving the medical insurance system plays an important role in reducing the incidence of poverty in urban households. Therefore, according to the results of this study, under the background of accelerating urbanization and highlighting the problem of urban poverty, urban poverty alleviation can improve the employment of poor residents, improve the medical security and social security system for poor residents. To increase the education investment and vocational skills training of urban poor groups and improve the channel of expression of the demands of urban poor groups and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F126

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