中国区域全要素生产率增长差异研究

发布时间：2019-01-03 19:45

【摘要】：改革开放以来，随着我国经济总量取得巨大成就的同时，经济发展的质量问题却备受质疑。克鲁格曼曾认为我国的经济增长来源于劳动、资本等生产要素的投入，而非效率的提升，因此难以实现持续增长。近10年来，我国各地区GDP增长差距趋于收敛，但经济增长质量或效率是否也同步收敛？回答这一问题，具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文依据“十一五”规划中的定义，将我国划分为东部、东北、中部和西部四大区域，在对全要素生产率及其增长理论进行梳理和综述的基础上，采用永续盘存法测算了我国30个省（市）1978-2012年的资本存量，利用随机前沿超越对数生产函数对1978-2012年分省（市）全要素生产率的增长率进行分解与测算。基于加权平均的思想，以各省（市）GDP占各区域GDP总值的比值为权重，分别对四大区域全要素生产率的增长率进行分解与测算，进而研究中国四大区域全要素生产率增长差异的变动特征和结构性动因。主要研究内容：首先，对分省（市）全要素生产率的增长率进行分解及核算；其次，采用极差值和变异系数等指标实证分析区域全要素生产率增长差异的演变特征和空间分异特征；再次，基于全要素生产率增长率构成差异和增长率构成的区域差异分析区域全要素生产率增长差异的结构性动因；最后，提出促进我国区域全要素生产率协调增长对策。主要研究结论：（1）1978-2012年区域全要素生产率的增长差异总体上呈扩大趋势，区域内全要素生产率的增长差异出现明显分化，东部和西部两区域内全要素生产率的增长差异程度较高，，区域内存在较严重的增长失衡，中部和东北地区较低；（2）区域全要素生产率的增长主要源于生产效率变化率和技术进步率的贡献，其中，东部地区具有明显的技术进步率优势，西部地区则具有较明显的规模效益变化率优势，技术进步率和生产效率变化率对区域全要素生产率的增长贡献具有一定的替代效应；（3）从长期来看，技术进步的快慢更大程度上决定了区域全要素生产率的增长差异，而西部地区生产效率变化率和技术进步率都较大程度地落后于东部地区。基于以上分析，本文提出了加强自主创新、减小政策差异、开展区域合作、强化人才培养的政策建议，以期有效实现区域全要素生产率协调增长的目标。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the quality of economic development has been questioned with the great achievements of China's economic aggregate. Krugman thought that the economic growth of our country comes from the input of labor, capital and other factors of production, rather than the improvement of efficiency, so it is difficult to achieve sustained growth. In the past 10 years, the gap of GDP growth in different regions of China has converged, but is the quality or efficiency of economic growth also converging? Answering this question has important theoretical and practical significance. According to the definition of the 11th Five-Year Plan, this paper divides our country into four regions: the east, the northeast, the central and the west, and on the basis of combing and summarizing the total factor productivity and its growth theory, The capital stock of 30 provinces (cities) in China from 1978 to 2012 was measured by the method of perpetual inventory. The growth rate of total factor productivity of provinces (cities) in 1978-2012 was decomposed and measured by using the stochastic frontier surpassing logarithmic production function. Based on the idea of weighted average, taking the ratio of GDP in each region as the weight, the growth rate of total factor productivity (TFP) in four regions is decomposed and measured. Then it studies the variation characteristics and structural drivers of total factor productivity (TFP) growth differences in four regions of China. The main research contents are as follows: firstly, the growth rate of total factor productivity in each province (city) is decomposed and accounted for; Secondly, we use extreme difference and coefficient of variation to analyze the evolution and spatial differentiation of regional total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Thirdly, based on the difference of the composition of total factor productivity growth rate and the regional difference of growth rate, the structural motivation of regional total factor productivity growth difference is analyzed. Finally, the countermeasures to promote the coordinated growth of regional total factor productivity in China are put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the growth difference of regional total factor productivity (TFP) in 1978-2012 shows a trend of expansion, and the difference of TFP growth within the region is obviously differentiated. In the eastern and western regions, the difference of total factor productivity (TFP) growth is relatively high, there is a serious imbalance in growth in the region, and the central and northeast regions are lower. (2) the growth of regional total factor productivity (TFP) mainly comes from the contribution of the rate of change of production efficiency and the rate of technological progress. Among them, the eastern region has obvious advantage of technological progress rate, and the western region has obvious advantage of scale benefit change rate. The technical progress rate and the production efficiency change rate have the certain substitution effect to the regional total factor productivity growth contribution; (3) in the long run, the speed of technological progress determines the growth difference of regional total factor productivity to a greater extent, while the rate of change of production efficiency and the rate of technological progress in the western region lag behind the eastern region to a large extent. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the policy suggestions of strengthening independent innovation, reducing policy differences, developing regional cooperation and strengthening talent training, in order to effectively realize the goal of coordinated growth of regional total factor productivity (TFP).
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124

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