技术创新对我国出口二元边际的影响机制及实证分析
发布时间：2019-03-21 17:21
【摘要】：我国外贸战略正处于转型升级的关键时期,贸易发展的目标已不仅仅是单纯的数量增长,出口结构优化、产品质量升级逐渐成为外贸战略的重心。异质性贸易理论提出以来,着眼于二元边际(扩展边际和集约边际)的出口转型战略研究成为了学界关注的热点。扩展边际(extensive margin)是指由出口产品种类和出口市场扩张带来的出口增长,而集约边际(intensive margin)则是原有产品对原有市场出口带来的出口增长。 本文以二元边际为切入点,研究了技术创新对我国出口增长及其结构变化的影响。首先,本文通过理论分析阐释了技术创新对二元边际的传导机制;并在Chaney异质性企业理论框架下,通过数理模型刻画了技术创新对二元边际的作用；在此基础上,运用UN Comtrade的HS六位码贸易数据,从制造业整体行业、分类行业和区分创新类型的分类行业三个层面实证研究了创新对二元边际的影响。最后,根据本文的主要结论提出相应政策建议。本文理论上的边际创新和主要实证结果如下： (1)本文在Chaney的异质性理论框架下,引入技术创新和产品质量两个变量,通过刻画技术创新对企业边际成本分布函数、产品质量和产品种类三方面的影响途径,推导出技术创新对二元边际的作用机制。 (2)以研发支出衡量技术创新,利用2003～2010年我国制造业整体行业层面的数据进行实证研究发现,技术创新能够显著促进出口沿扩展边际和集约边际的增长,但对扩展边际的影响强于集约边际。相较于集约边际,扩展边际对贸易成本的弹性更大,对外生经济冲击的抵抗力更强。 (3)进一步将制造业划分为劳动密集型和资本密集型两大类行业,分类回归结果表明,技术创新在两类行业中皆对扩展边际有显著促进作用,但对集约边际的影响仅在劳动密集型行业中显著。劳动密集型行业中,技术创新对集约边际的影响强于扩展边际,而资本密集型行业中,创新主要推动出口沿扩展边际的增长。 (4)以发明专利衡量产品创新、以实用新型和外观衡量工艺创新,对制造业两大类行业的实证研究发现,在劳动密集型行业中,产品创新对集约边际的影响强于扩展边际,工艺创新对扩展边际的影响强于集约边际；在资本密集型行业中,产品创新对扩展边际的影响强于集约边际,而工艺创新主要作用于集约边际。
[Abstract]:China's foreign trade strategy is in the critical period of transformation and upgrading. The goal of trade development is not only the simple quantity growth, the optimization of export structure, the upgrading of product quality has gradually become the focus of foreign trade strategy. Since the theory of heterogeneous trade was put forward, the research on export transition strategy focusing on the binary marginal (expanded marginal and intensive marginal) has become the focus of attention in the academic field. The expanded marginal (extensive margin) refers to the export growth caused by the export product category and the expansion of the export market, while the intensive marginal (intensive margin) is the export growth caused by the export of the original product to the original market. In this paper, the influence of technological innovation on export growth and its structural changes in China is studied by taking binary marginal as the starting point. Firstly, this paper explains the transmission mechanism of technological innovation to binary margin through theoretical analysis, and describes the effect of technological innovation on binary marginal by mathematical model under the framework of Chaney heterogeneous enterprise theory. On this basis, using UN Comtrade's HS six-bit trade data, this paper empirically studies the impact of innovation on the binary margin from three levels: manufacturing industry as a whole, classified industry and classified industry that distinguishes innovation types from the three levels: manufacturing industry as a whole, classified industries and classified industries that distinguish innovation types. Finally, according to the main conclusions of this paper, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward. The theoretical marginal innovation and the main empirical results are as follows: (1) under the framework of Chaney's heterogeneity theory, this paper introduces two variables, technical innovation and product quality, and describes the marginal cost distribution function of technological innovation to enterprises. The influence ways of product quality and product type are discussed, and the mechanism of technological innovation on binary marginal is deduced. (2) taking R & D expenditure as a measure of technological innovation, using the data from 2003 to 2010 on the whole industry level of China's manufacturing industry, empirical research shows that technological innovation can significantly promote the growth of export growth along the expansion margin and the intensive margin. However, the influence on the extension margin is stronger than that on the intensive margin. The expansion margin is more resilient to the cost of trade and more resistant to external economic shocks than the intensive margin. (3) the manufacturing industry is further divided into labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries. The results of classification and regression show that technological innovation plays a significant role in promoting the expansion margin in both industries. However, the impact on the intensive margin is only significant in labor-intensive industries. In labor-intensive industries, the impact of technological innovation on intensive margin is stronger than that of expansion margin, while in capital-intensive industry, innovation mainly promotes the growth of export along the expansion margin. (4) using invention patent to measure product innovation, using utility model and appearance to measure process innovation, the empirical study of manufacturing industry shows that in labor-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on intensive margin than expansion margin, and it is found that in labor-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on intensive margin than expansion margin. The influence of process innovation on the expansion margin is stronger than that of the intensive margin. In capital-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on expansion margin than intensive margin, while process innovation plays a major role in intensive margin.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.62;F124.3
本文编号：2445148
[Abstract]:China's foreign trade strategy is in the critical period of transformation and upgrading. The goal of trade development is not only the simple quantity growth, the optimization of export structure, the upgrading of product quality has gradually become the focus of foreign trade strategy. Since the theory of heterogeneous trade was put forward, the research on export transition strategy focusing on the binary marginal (expanded marginal and intensive marginal) has become the focus of attention in the academic field. The expanded marginal (extensive margin) refers to the export growth caused by the export product category and the expansion of the export market, while the intensive marginal (intensive margin) is the export growth caused by the export of the original product to the original market. In this paper, the influence of technological innovation on export growth and its structural changes in China is studied by taking binary marginal as the starting point. Firstly, this paper explains the transmission mechanism of technological innovation to binary margin through theoretical analysis, and describes the effect of technological innovation on binary marginal by mathematical model under the framework of Chaney heterogeneous enterprise theory. On this basis, using UN Comtrade's HS six-bit trade data, this paper empirically studies the impact of innovation on the binary margin from three levels: manufacturing industry as a whole, classified industry and classified industry that distinguishes innovation types from the three levels: manufacturing industry as a whole, classified industries and classified industries that distinguish innovation types. Finally, according to the main conclusions of this paper, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward. The theoretical marginal innovation and the main empirical results are as follows: (1) under the framework of Chaney's heterogeneity theory, this paper introduces two variables, technical innovation and product quality, and describes the marginal cost distribution function of technological innovation to enterprises. The influence ways of product quality and product type are discussed, and the mechanism of technological innovation on binary marginal is deduced. (2) taking R & D expenditure as a measure of technological innovation, using the data from 2003 to 2010 on the whole industry level of China's manufacturing industry, empirical research shows that technological innovation can significantly promote the growth of export growth along the expansion margin and the intensive margin. However, the influence on the extension margin is stronger than that on the intensive margin. The expansion margin is more resilient to the cost of trade and more resistant to external economic shocks than the intensive margin. (3) the manufacturing industry is further divided into labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries. The results of classification and regression show that technological innovation plays a significant role in promoting the expansion margin in both industries. However, the impact on the intensive margin is only significant in labor-intensive industries. In labor-intensive industries, the impact of technological innovation on intensive margin is stronger than that of expansion margin, while in capital-intensive industry, innovation mainly promotes the growth of export along the expansion margin. (4) using invention patent to measure product innovation, using utility model and appearance to measure process innovation, the empirical study of manufacturing industry shows that in labor-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on intensive margin than expansion margin, and it is found that in labor-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on intensive margin than expansion margin. The influence of process innovation on the expansion margin is stronger than that of the intensive margin. In capital-intensive industries, product innovation has a stronger impact on expansion margin than intensive margin, while process innovation plays a major role in intensive margin.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.62;F124.3
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