农村小额贷款项目运行效益与管理体系研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 04:01

本文关键词：农村小额贷款项目运行效益与管理体系研究　出处：《西南交通大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自20世纪90年代以来,以孟加拉乡村银行为代表的小额贷款项目引入我国,作为农村扶贫开发的重要补充力量,在全国范围迅速推广。由于区域之间文化差异和资源禀赋不同,经过20多年的磨合发展,有的农村小额贷款项目已经形成了具有本土化特色又兼具乡村银行特征的公益性信贷扶贫模式,继续发挥其扶贫功效；有的已逐渐萎缩,退出农村市场；有的紧跟市场化趋势,转型为商业化小额贷款模式。其中,以扶贫为目标导向的公益性小额贷款,通过让贫困农户参与项目选择、决策、经营、管理、获益等全过程,在提高贫困农户收入水平和发展能力方面取得明显成效。然而,随着农村各种新型合作组织的不断涌现和市场化进程的加快,这种依托项目运行的小额贷款模式也面临着诸多问题,如何改进项目运行管理体系,提高项目经营效益,促进农村小额贷款项目可持续运行,已成为亟待解决的重要现实问题。正是在这一背景下,本文以农村小额贷款项目为研究对象,以成本收益理论、利益相关者等理论为基础,以案例分析和问卷调查为手段,理论研究和实证研究相结合,对农村小额贷款项目运行效益与管理体系进行了深入研究。论文分析了国外几种典型的小额贷款运行模式,阐述了农村小额贷款项目的运行效益以及评估方法,对本文研究的农村小额贷款项目及相关概念进行了界定,从农村小额贷款管理机构、贫困农户、政府扶贫部门等多重委托代理关系的角度,构建了小额贷款项目运行绩效与管理体系研究的总体框架,提出了本文研究的理论基础。为了保证农村小额贷款项目的可持续运行,更好地发挥其扶贫作用,在对国内两种小额贷款模式案例分析比较的基础上,本文梳理了非政府组织小额贷款项目的目标瞄准机制、联保信贷机制、分期还款机制、组织管理机制,从整体上明晰项目运行与小额贷款偿还机制相互作用的逻辑关系。在此基础上,为了更加全面地分析农村小额贷款项目的运行效益,验证项目类别、小额贷款额度、项目管理、经营者人力资本等因素对项目经营状况变动的影响,本文构建了基于项目经营状况变动状态的多分类离散变量回归模型。实证结果表明：小额贷款额度与项目经营状况并未表现出明显的正向变动关系,额度越高并不一定会提高项目的盈利概率,而项目类别对项目经营状态变化的影响很明显,相比于养殖类项目,商贸类和种植类项目盈利的可能性更高。研究结果进一步说明,农村小额贷款项目类型的选择对于贫困农户增收具有重要影响。鉴于项目类别的差异,本文利用柯布—道格拉斯生产函数扩展形式,构建了种植类、养殖类、商贸类项目投入产出评估模型,从微观角度分析了小额贷款、个人投资、经营者人力资本等投入要素对项目产出的影响,验证了小额贷款资金对项目产出的作用明显高于个人投资的作用,表明通过农村小额贷款项目的实施,能够有效地促进贫困农户增收。在理论研究和实证研究的基础上,根据当前农村小额贷款项目运行现状,本文参照企业项目管理体系,以利益相关者理论为基础,构建了国家、省、县、村四级农村小额贷款项目管理体系,设计了“1+X+XX+XXX”金字塔式的组织结构,划分了项目启动、计划与执行、项目监督、项目收尾四个运行阶段,并归结出项目管理体系的功能集成：降低项目经营成本、约束经营者行为、控制经营风险。至此,农村小额贷款项目将依托健全的管理体系得以更好地发展。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, small loans to the Grameen Bank as the representative into China, as an important force in rural poverty alleviation and development, rapid promotion in the country. Due to cultural differences between regions and different resource endowment, after 20 years of running development, some rural microfinance projects have been formed with the localization feature with the characteristics of public welfare of rural bank credit poverty alleviation mode, continue to play its poverty alleviation effect; some have been gradually shrinking, withdraw from the rural market; some follow the market trend of microfinance model transformation for business. Among them, the public welfare microfinance to poverty alleviation as goal oriented, by allowing the poor households to participate in project selection, decision-making, management. The whole process of management, benefit, and achieved remarkable results in increasing farmers' income poverty level and development capacity. However, with a variety of new rural areas Emerging market process and organization of speeding up, relying on this project running microfinance mode is also facing many problems, how to improve the project management system, improve project management benefit, promote the sustainable operation of rural microfinance project, has become an important practical problem to be solved. It is in this context. This paper takes the rural microfinance project as the research object, using cost-benefit theory, stakeholder theory, case analysis and questionnaire survey method, theoretical and empirical research on rural microfinance project, operation efficiency and management system are studied. The paper analyzes several small loans the operation mode, expounds the operating efficiency of rural microfinance projects and the evaluation method of rural microfinance project of this study and related concepts The definition, from the rural micro credit management mechanism, poor farmers, government departments such as poverty alleviation and multiple principal-agent relations perspective, build the overall framework of the performance management system and microfinance project, puts forward the theoretical basis of this study. In order to ensure the sustainable operation of rural microfinance projects, to better play its role in poverty alleviation in two, the domestic small loan model of case based on the analysis and comparison, this paper reviews the NGO microfinance project target mechanism, the mechanism of credit guarantee repayment mechanism, organization and management mechanism, to repay the logical relationship interaction mechanism from the whole project clear operation and small loans. On this basis, in order to run the benefits of a more comprehensive analysis of the rural microfinance project, verify the project categories, small loans, project management, human capital operators The influence of such factors on the project management status changes, this paper constructs the multi classification of discrete variable operating conditions of the project. Based on the regression model the empirical results show that: the operating status of small loan amount and the project did not show obvious positive change, the higher the amount does not necessarily increase the profit probability of the project, and the impact of the project categories changes to the project management status is very obvious, compared to the breeding project, possibility of business and planting project profit higher. The results further show that rural microfinance project type has important impact income for poor farmers. In view of the differences between the categories of projects, using Cobb Douglas production function extensions. The construction of planting, breeding, business project investment evaluation model, from the microscopic point of view of the small loans, personal investment, Effect of input factors such as human capital operators to project output, to verify the role of microfinance funds for project output was significantly higher than that of personal investment, that through the implementation of the rural microfinance project, can effectively promote the poor farmers. Based on theoretical research and empirical research, according to the current situation of rural microfinance project operation in this paper, according to the enterprise project management system, based on the stakeholder theory, constructs the state, province, county, village four rural microfinance project management system, design the structure of 1+X+XX+ XXX "pyramid, the start of the project division, planning and execution, project supervision, project completion four stage operation, and summed up the project management system function integration: reduce project operating costs, constraint operator behavior, control business risk. Thus, rural microfinance project Relying on a sound management system to better develop.

【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.4

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