河北省扶贫小额信贷问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 04:24

本文关键词：河北省扶贫小额信贷问题研究　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：扶贫小额信贷是当前金融精准扶贫的重要手段和金融服务方式的重大创新。扶贫小额信贷不但开辟了以市场经济方式减轻贫困的新渠道,而且对重构农村金融市场、健全农村金融体系有着重大的意义。资金的匮乏是贫困的核心问题,贫困人口一方面自身并无太多资产,又因为无资产、农业生产风险大等原因被传统金融机构排斥在外,没有一定的发展资金的注入纵使贫困农户有再多的生产技能和再强的脱贫意愿也难以走出贫穷的困境。扶贫小额信贷的产生极大地缓解了贫困农户“贷款难”、“贷款贵”的艰难处境,本文旨在通过分析扶贫小额信贷在河北省扶贫工作中产生的重要作用说明推行小额信贷扶贫模式的必要性;通过分析河北省小额信贷扶贫模式中存在的问题,并借鉴国内外的成功经验,提出针对性的解决措施,推进河北省扶贫小额信贷模式的进一步完善。本文研究内容主要包括六部分:第一部分主要介绍了扶贫小额信贷相关理论。这一部分作为全文理论基础,首先阐述了扶贫小额信贷的涵义,即专门为建档立卡的贫困户获得发展资金而量身定制的一种扶贫贷款产品。其次分析扶贫小额信贷的特点,即服务目标群体更精准,建档立卡的贫困户;手续简便,无需抵押或担保;成本低,基准利率放贷,享受财政贴息;期限长,贷款最长期限可达3年。最后,阐述了发展扶贫小额信贷的理论依据:金融排斥理论、贫困恶性循环理论、不完全竞争市场理论以及博弈论。第二部分主要介绍了河北省扶贫小额信贷的发展历程、现状及存在问题。从其发展历程来看河北省扶贫小额信贷模式发展的总趋势,即帮扶对象定位越来越精准,把金融扶贫一步步落到实处,逐步把资金引向最贫困的地方,力求扶贫到深处,脱贫要彻底。从其现状来看扶贫小额信贷确实带来一定的效果,扶贫产业得到发展、贫困户增收,农村金融网点已实现全覆盖,多元化的扶贫模式,以及越来越大的担保力度。同时河北省的扶贫小额信贷仍存在一些问题有待解决,如:扶贫任务依然艰巨,面对庞大的市场需求扶贫资金依然不足,金融生态环境不完善以及农民金融知识的欠缺等都阻碍着金融扶贫工作的开展。第三部分主要介绍了河北省三种主要的扶贫小额信贷创新模式,并一一分析了每个模式带来的成效以及有待解决的问题。三种模式分别为:阜平“政银保”模式、隆化“政银企户保”五位一体模式、威县资产收益型产业扶贫模式。第四部分主要分析阐述了扶贫小额信贷模式各参与主体之间的博弈关系。主要包括:中央政府和地方政府之间的博弈、地方政府和小额信贷供给方之间的博弈、小额信贷供给方和贫困农户之间的博弈。在分析博弈关系的同时解析出扶贫小额信贷模式中问题产生的原因及需要完善的具体环节。第五部分主要选取了国内外较成功的扶贫小额信贷模式进行分析。国外的孟加拉乡村银行、印尼人民银行村银行部、印度小额信贷证券化模式,国内的甘肃省的“政银合作”模式、浙江的“丽水模式”、贵州省“产金互促541”模式,其成功之处,可为河北省扶贫小额信贷模式的完善提供经验启示。第六部分主要对完善河北省扶贫小额信贷体系提供政策建议。首先,强化正规金融机构的扶贫职能,完善其组织体系,不断创新金融产品,提高员工的综合素质;二是,充分解决非正规金融机构存在的问题,发挥其在小额信贷扶贫中的重要作用。三是,从信用制度、担保体系、保险、风险补偿基金、以及贷后监管机制的角度来完善小额信贷的风险防范机制;四是,完善由各级政府领导组成的金融服务体系,加强各部门间的工作联动机制,完善脱贫评估制度,加大扶贫工作宣传力度,以及完善群众参与机制。
[Abstract]:Poverty alleviation microfinance is a major innovation in the current financial precise poverty and an important means of financial service. Poverty alleviation microfinance not only opens up the market economy approach to alleviate poverty and new channels, the reconstruction of the rural financial market, is of great significance to improve the rural financial system. The lack of funds is the core problem of poverty, poverty population its not too many assets, because no assets, agricultural production risk and other reasons of rejection of traditional financial institutions abroad, have certain development funds into even poor farmers have more production skills and strong poverty will can not get out of poverty. Poverty alleviation microfinance has greatly ease the poor farmers "loans", "hard loans", this paper aims to analyze the poverty alleviation microfinance in Hebei Province in the poverty reduction work to do The necessity of using the mode that carry out microfinance; through the analysis of existing microfinance projects in Hebei Province, and learn from the successful experience at home and abroad, put forward specific measures to promote, to further improve the micro credit model of poverty in Hebei province. This paper mainly includes six parts: the first part mainly introduces the poverty alleviation the theory of microfinance. This part as the theoretical basis, first expounded the meaning of poverty alleviation microfinance, which is specially tailored to obtain funds for development of a poverty alleviation loan products for poor households filing riser. Followed by the analysis of characteristics of poverty alleviation microfinance, service target groups more accurate, poor households filing riser procedures; simple, without collateral or guarantees; the cost is low, the benchmark interest rate loans, enjoy financial discount; long term loans, the longest period of 3 years. Finally, elaborated The development of poverty alleviation Microfinance: the theoretical basis of the theory of Financial Exclusion, poverty vicious spiral imperfect competition market theory and game theory. The second part mainly introduces the development process of poverty alleviation microfinance in Hebei Province, the status quo and existing problems. From the development of poverty alleviation and development of microfinance mode in Hebei Province, the general trend is helping object positioning more and more accurate, the financial poverty alleviation and implement a step by step, and gradually put money into the areas of poverty, poverty alleviation to strive to the depths of poverty thoroughly. The situation of poverty alleviation microfinance does bring a certain effect, poverty alleviation and industry development, poor households' income, rural financial network has achieved full coverage, diversified mode of poverty alleviation well, more and more security efforts. At the same time, poverty alleviation microfinance in Hebei province there are still some problems to be solved, such as: the arduous task of poverty alleviation, In the face of the huge market demand of poverty alleviation funds is still insufficient, the imperfection of financial ecological environment and farmers' financial lack of knowledge of all hinder the financial poverty alleviation work. The third part mainly introduces the three main types of poverty alleviation in Hebei province microfinance innovation mode, and one by one analysis of each model brings the achievements and problems to be solved. Three kinds of models: Fuping political Bancassurance model, Longhua "government bank household insurance" five in one mode, Weixian County assets industry poverty alleviation mode. The fourth part mainly analyzes the poverty alleviation microfinance mode in the game relationship between subjects. Mainly include: the game between the central government and local government, the game between the local government and the supply of microfinance, micro credit game between the supply side and poor farmers. In the analysis of the game relationship between poverty alleviation and small analysis Causes of the problems in the credit mode and the need for specific links to perfect. The fifth part is selected for analysis of poverty alleviation microfinance mode is successful at home and abroad. The Grameen Bank, the people's Bank of Indonesia village bank, India microcredit securitization model, domestic Gansu province "silver political cooperation" mode Zhejiang "Lishui model", "Guizhou Province gold production promoted 541" mode, its success experience can provide inspiration for poverty alleviation in Hebei province to improve the microfinance model. The sixth part is mainly on the improvement of Hebei province poverty alleviation microfinance system provides policy suggestions. Firstly, strengthen the formal financial institutions for poverty alleviation function, improve the organization system, innovative financial products, improve the overall quality of the staff; two is to fully solve the existing problems of non formal financial institutions, play the important role of microfinance Three. Is that from the credit system, guarantee system, insurance, risk compensation fund, and post loan supervision mechanism to improve the micro credit risk prevention mechanism; four, improve the financial service system composed of the leadership of all levels of government, strengthen the linkage mechanism between departments, improve the poverty assessment system, increase poverty alleviation the work of propaganda, and improve public participation mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8;F832.4

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