小额贷款公司的发展问题与对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 07:35

本文关键词：小额贷款公司的发展问题与对策研究　出处：《广西大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：小额贷款作为一种新兴的金融方式,它一改主要依靠国家财政或是外来资金扶持的局面,为经济贫困者如农户、中小企业等群体提供了资金支持,帮助他们解决了资金短缺的问题。小额贷款对我国经济发展起着助力军的重要作用,逐渐得到了我们国家的重视,是我国在经济改革发展中目前积极倡导和推行的。虽然起步较晚,但小额贷款业的发展是迅猛的。截止2011年12月末,我国的小额贷款公司就发展至4282家,贷款余额3915亿元。并且,新增贷款全年累计1935亿元,取得了比较好的经济效益和社会效益。这样的数据足以表明我国的小额贷款公司的建设已经突破成立初期的限制,正在如火如荼地进行着。本文首先阐述了小额贷款的相关理论：金融抑制论和金融深化论、金融约束论、信息不对称理论、交易费用理论、不完全竞争理论、信贷配给理论、农村金融市场理论、可持续发展理论,通过对发展历程及现状的分析,总结出了我国小额贷款在发展过程中所遇到的问题。这些问题分别是监管层面的问题：1、法律地位不明确,外部监管不力；2、小额贷款公司的服务对象定位不明确。运营层面的问题：1、资金筹集面临难题；2、从业人员素质低,缺乏专业培训；3、自身控制风险能力不强,管理存在缺陷；4、贷款客户主观方面存在的风险。宏观环境层面的问题：1、个人征信系统不健全；2、保障机制有待完善。针对上述提出的问题,本文提出了几点相应的对策。首先,加强外部监管。明确我国小额贷款公司的法律地位,加大监管力度,加快完善对小额贷款公司的立法。其次,解决运营过程所出现的问题。拓宽小额贷款机构的融资渠道,建立培训机制,加快人才资源的开发,建立客户信用评级体系,完善小额客户联保制度,采取有效的奖惩机制。然后,改善小额贷款公司生存和发展的宏观环境。依靠政府建立个人征信系统,政策的适度放开和扶持,加快成立小额贷款公司行业协会,建立保障机制。
[Abstract]:Microfinance as a new financial way, it mainly depends on the state finance or foreign funds to support the situation, for the economic poor such as farmers, small and medium-sized enterprises and other groups to provide financial support. To help them solve the problem of shortage of funds. Microfinance plays an important role in the economic development of our country and gradually gets the attention of our country. Is our country in the economic reform and development of the current active advocacy and implementation. Although the start is relatively late, but the development of the microfinance industry is rapid. Until the end of 2011, the number of microfinance companies in China has grown to 4282, with a balance of 391.5 billion yuan. And. The new loans accumulated 193.5 billion yuan in the whole year, which has achieved better economic and social benefits. This kind of data shows that the construction of micro-credit companies in China has broken through the limitations of the initial period. It was in full swing. Firstly, this paper expounds the related theories of microfinance: financial suppression theory and financial deepening theory, financial constraint theory, information asymmetry theory, transaction cost theory, incomplete competition theory, credit rationing theory. The theory of rural financial market, the theory of sustainable development, through the analysis of the development process and current situation. This paper summarizes the problems encountered in the development of microfinance in China. These problems are the problem of supervision level: 1, the legal status is not clear, and the external supervision is weak; 2.The target position of microfinance company is not clear. At the operational level, the problem of raising funds is difficult. (2) the quality of the employees is low and the professional training is lacking; (3) the ability of controlling risk is not strong, and the management has defects; (4) the risk of the loan customer's subjective aspect. The macro environmental level question: 1, the personal credit system is not perfect; 2. The safeguard mechanism needs to be improved. In view of the above questions, this paper puts forward several corresponding countermeasures. First, strengthen the external supervision, clarify the legal status of China's microfinance companies, and strengthen the supervision. Second, solve the problems arising in the operation process, broaden the financing channels of microfinance institutions, establish training mechanisms, and accelerate the development of human resources. Establish a customer credit rating system, improve the small customer protection system, take an effective reward and punishment mechanism. Then, improve the macro environment for the survival and development of microfinance companies. Rely on the government to establish a personal credit system. Appropriate policy liberalization and support, accelerate the establishment of micro-credit companies industry associations, the establishment of security mechanisms.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.4

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