“以房养老”的方式及比较研究

发布时间：2019-04-12 15:27

【摘要】：随着人口老龄化趋势的日趋严重，传统家庭养老功能的不完善，社会养老保险体系中养老金缺口的不断增大，使得传统单一的养老模式难以继续实施下去。因此，探索新型的养老模式就显得十分重要且意义重大。当前，我国的养老保险基本可以分为三个部分，第一部分是政府支持的养老金模式，由政府负责且强制实施，然而这一部分随着规模的增加对政府财政的压力越来越大；第二部分是企业年金的形式存在的养老金，，但是非强制性的，企业可以自主选择交或是不交；一般情况下，只有经济效益较好的企业会参加该养老金模式，但覆盖面较低；第三部分是由个人的储蓄资金进行养老，一般通过购买商业保险的方式实现，这一养老模式对个人的经济基础和水平要求较高。目前，我国覆盖面积最广的养老模式，主要是政府支持的养老金模式。随着政府养老金缺口的逐渐增大，这一模式的前景十分令人堪忧。因此，当前一种新的养老金来源方式“以房养老”逐渐成为研究的热点。“以房养老”属于养老模式的第三部分，即个人养老方式，尤其是适应那些现金支付能力较弱且有房产的低收入群体，进而提高个人养老在整个养老保险体系中的比重，促进我国养老保险系统的健康运行。 “以房养老”模式的出现，增加了老人退休以后养老方式的选择性，如老人可以选择继续在家养老，或者进入养老院养老。目前市场上的养老院往往收费较高，仅凭老年人的退休金难以支撑这些费用，如果通过“以房养老”的模式，就可以很好的解决这一问题。即使老人选择在家养老，在可以继续居住的前提下，提前兑现其所住房屋的价值，改善其目前的生活，提高生活质量。国外的现有经验也验证了“以房养老”的模式确实能够显著改善晚年收入较低、生活贫困的老年人的生活质量，能够有效地改善他们的生活水平，更好享受生活。本文通过文献综述的整理以及比较国外“以房养老”实施成功与失败的事实来探索我国推行以房养老所需要具备的条件。希望能够为更多的老人选择合适的养老模式提供借鉴和参考，改善当前日趋严峻的养老状况。
[Abstract]:With the increasing trend of population aging, the imperfection of the traditional family pension function and the increasing gap of pension in the social endowment insurance system, it is difficult for the traditional single old-age model to continue to be implemented. Therefore, it is very important and significant to explore the new old-age mode. At present, the pension insurance in our country can be divided into three parts basically. The first part is the pension model supported by the government, which is responsible for and enforced by the government. However, with the increase of scale, the pressure on the government finance is increasing. The second part is the pension in the form of enterprise annuity, but non-mandatory, enterprises can choose to pay or not; in general, only the enterprises with better economic benefits will participate in the pension model, but the coverage is low; The third part is the personal savings funds for the old-age, generally through the purchase of commercial insurance way, this old-age model to the individual economic base and level of higher requirements. At present, the most widely covered pension model in China is the pension model supported by the government. As the gap in government pensions grows, the prospects for this model are worrying. Therefore, a new pension source, housing-based pension, has gradually become a research hotspot. "Building for the aged" belongs to the third part of the old-age model, that is, the individual pension mode, especially for those low-income groups with weak cash payment ability and real estate, so as to improve the proportion of individual old-age support in the whole old-age insurance system. To promote the healthy operation of the old-age insurance system in China. The appearance of "old-age-by-house" mode increases the selectivity of old-age after retirement, such as the elderly can choose to continue to provide for the elderly at home, or into a nursing home for the elderly. At present, the charge of the nursing home in the market is high, and it is difficult to support these expenses by the pension of the elderly. If we adopt the mode of "old-age by house", we can solve this problem very well. Even if the elderly choose to live at home, under the premise that they can continue to live, they can realize the value of their housing in advance, improve their current life, and improve the quality of life. The existing experience abroad has also proved that the model of "providing for the aged by housing" can significantly improve the quality of life of the elderly who live in poverty and lower income in their old age, and can effectively improve their living standards and enjoy their lives better. This article through the literature review and compares the foreign "housing old-age support" implementation success and failure facts to explore our country to carry out the housing-based pension needs to have the conditions. It is hoped that it can provide reference and reference for more and more elderly people to choose suitable old-age mode, and improve the current increasingly severe old-age situation.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D669.6;F299.23

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