碳标签体系实施的企业行为机制研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 00:06

本文关键词： 企业碳标签系统动力学博弈论激励政策　出处：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：气候变化已成为人类亟待解决的全球性环境问题,减少温室气体排放需要世界各国的共同努力。当前许多国家都制定了低碳经济发展战略,而碳标签是众多实施低碳经济的有利措施之一,并在英国、加拿大及日本等多个国家推行。其作为一项产品(或服务)在供应链流程中所排放的温室气体的量化标签,能够促进与引导企业及消费者的低碳行为,从而达到减缓碳排放量的目的。碳标签体系在国外的发展已逐渐成熟,而中国对于该领域的探索仍处于初期阶段。建立与发展碳标签体系及低碳产品市场对于中国快速积极地融入世界低碳发展进程显得尤为重要。目前,国内外对碳标签的研究方向略有不同,但对于企业实施碳标签计划的驱动因素,实施模式以及相关利益主体(企业、政府及消费者)的行为关系还缺乏系统分析。基于上述考虑,本文从企业的角度出发,首先通过文献分析和现场调研识别影响企业实施碳标签计划的关键因素;在此基础上,应用博弈理论,分析企业与消费者,企业与企业在碳标签实施过程中行为的交互关系;进而利用系统动力学仿真平台,对可能存在的博弈情景进行模拟仿真,同时以政府的激励政策作为决策变量,模拟企业行为的动态变化过程。以此帮助企业选择合适的策略推动来自身产品的设计与制造;为政府采取合适的政策工具提供理论依据,从而实现产品的可持续性,减缓气候变化危机。本文的主要研究结论是:(1)通过企业与消费者动态博弈模型的均衡分析,可以发现系统在满足一定参数条件时,出现6种可能的子博弈精炼纳什均衡。而在演化博弈中,系统存在2个演化稳定策略。(2)为达到最理想的均衡策略需要企业和消费者的共同努力。在目前的市场条件下,政府应当采取一定的补贴政策去促使企业生产碳标签产品,以及引导消费者购买碳标签产品。此时,补贴的额度会是影响企业和消费者行为的关键因素。(3)政府对生产碳标签产品的企业或者对购买碳标签产品的消费者进行直接补贴,均可以促进碳标签计划在企业中的实施,但对企业进行补贴对促进碳标签产品生产的效果优于对消费者进行补贴。(4)税收优惠政策对碳标签体系在企业中的实施同样具有显著的促进作用,其中线性税收优惠的促进效果最好。与企业的直接补贴政策相比较,线性税收优惠在前期的促进作用不如直接补贴措施,但从长期的均衡效果更好,生产碳标签产品的企业数更多。(5)若同时实施补贴与税收优惠政策,可以发现组合政策的促进效果优于单一政策。而在组合政策中,当给企业的补贴额度为400元/台,税收优惠政策选择线性税收优惠时,组合政策的促进效果最优。
[Abstract]:Climate change has become a global environmental problem to be solved urgently. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions requires the joint efforts of all countries in the world. At present, many countries have formulated low-carbon economic development strategies. Carbon labelling is one of the many favorable measures to implement a low-carbon economy and is being implemented in many countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada and Japan. It is used as a product (or service) to quantify greenhouse gas emissions in the supply chain process. Can promote and guide the low-carbon behavior of enterprises and consumers to achieve the purpose of reducing carbon emissions. The development of carbon labelling system in foreign countries has gradually matured. The establishment and development of a carbon labelling system and a low-carbon product market are particularly important for China's rapid and active integration into the world's low-carbon development process. The research direction of carbon labelling at home and abroad is slightly different, but for enterprises, the driving factors of carbon labelling plan, the implementation model and the relevant stakeholders (enterprises, Based on the above considerations, this paper first identifies the key factors that affect the implementation of carbon labelling plan through literature analysis and field research. Applying game theory to analyze the interaction between enterprises and consumers, enterprises and enterprises in the process of carbon label implementation, and then use the system dynamics simulation platform to simulate the possible game scenarios. At the same time, the government's incentive policy is taken as the decision variable to simulate the dynamic process of the enterprise behavior, so as to help the enterprise choose the appropriate strategy to promote the design and manufacture of the products from the body, and provide the theoretical basis for the government to adopt the appropriate policy tools. In order to realize the sustainability of products and mitigate the crisis of climate change, the main conclusion of this paper is: 1) through the equilibrium analysis of dynamic game model between enterprises and consumers, we can find that the system meets certain parameter conditions. There are six possible subgame refined Nash equilibrium. In evolutionary game, there are two evolutionary stabilization strategies. In order to achieve the most ideal equilibrium strategy, enterprises and consumers need to work together. The government should adopt a subsidy policy to encourage enterprises to produce carbon label products and guide consumers to buy carbon label products. The amount of subsidies will be the key factor affecting the behavior of enterprises and consumers.) the direct government subsidies to companies that produce carbon label products or to consumers who buy carbon labels can promote the implementation of carbon labelling schemes in enterprises. However, the effect of subsidies on enterprises to promote the production of carbon label products is better than that on consumers. 4) the tax preferential policies also play a significant role in promoting the implementation of the carbon labelling system in enterprises. The promotion effect of linear tax preference is the best. Compared with the direct subsidy policy of the enterprise, the linear tax benefit is not as good as the direct subsidy measure in the early stage, but the long-term equilibrium effect is better. The number of enterprises producing carbon-tagged products is more. 5) if subsidies and tax preferences are implemented at the same time, it can be found that the promotion effect of the portfolio policy is better than that of the single policy. In the portfolio policy, when the subsidy amount to the enterprise is 400 yuan per unit, When the preferential tax policy chooses the linear tax preference, the promotion effect of the combination policy is the best.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274;X196

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