外商直接投资对中国不同所有制企业间工资差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 08:20

本文关键词： 引进外商直接投资所有制企业工资差距溢出效应全样本与子样本分析　出处：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：引进外商直接投资(IFDI)一直是推动中国经济高速发展的重要引擎,近年来中国吸引外资规模屡创新高,并在2015年达到了 1356亿美元,成为仅次于美国和日本的全球第三大吸引外资国。中国吸引外资一直是专家学者们研究的热点问题,尤其是引进外资对中国不同行业劳动力工资差距方面的研究屡见不鲜。本文从内外资企业劳动力价格所有制差异这一独特的研究视角出发,重点分析引进外资对中国不同所有制企业工资差距的影响。全篇分理论研究与实证研究两部分。在理论研究层面,本文首先介绍国际直接投资理论、工资决定理论和要素禀赋理论对跨国投资和企业工资问题的研究成果;其次列举国内外专家学者对内外资企业工资差距和工资溢出效应问题研究的不同观点;接下来对中国引进外资实践工作与分所有制类型内外资企业工资水平差距进行回顾与分析;最后根据已有文献对变量选取与条件假设建立指导内外资企业工资差距实证检验的理论模型。在实证研究层面,本文采用定量分析与定性分析相结合的研究方法。运用2001年至2015年中国大陆地区29省市面板经济数据进行总体检验和分样本检验,首先研究外资企业投资对中国不同所有制企业工资水平影响;其次将外资企业分为港澳台企业和外商企业两个研究方向,深入对比两者对中国企业所有制工资差异的不同影响。由于中国引进外资区域空间分布多倾向于东部沿海地区,而地域广阔的中、西部地区外资投入所占比重长期处于较低水平,所以外资引入地域分布不均的突出特点也会对企业工资水平造成差异影响。因此在分样本讨论中,又按照中国区域类型将研究样本划分为东部地区和中西部地区,运用Geoda软件分别对两类地区进行截面数据空间计量检验。实证研究主要结论表明:随着外资投入规模不断增加,内资企业与外资企业工资差距会不断缩小。无论是外商企业投资还是港澳台企业投资,其对内资非国有企业工资影响程度均大于国有企业。引进外资对中国东部地区省市内资企业工资影响程度大于对应的中西部地区。根据实证检验主要结论,本文认为应从以下五个方面提出政策建议:首先是确保引资规模的同时应更加注重提升引资质量和结构;其次是适当扩大外资企业就业规模,使中国更多劳动力参与到外资企业先进技术水平、先进企业管理经验等生产要素的学习;第三要更加完善内资非国有企业员工福利保障制度,企业快速发展离不开内部制度不断完善与升级;第四要提高中国广大中西部地区引资能力,引进外资对东部地区内资企业工资溢出效应在持续减弱,中西部地区可以借此机会扩大引资带动当地内资企业发展;第五要打破中国企业所有制结构制度枷锁,实现由企业双轨并行发展向企业双轨合作共赢发展转变。
[Abstract]:The introduction of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been an important engine for the rapid development of China's economy. In recent years, China's scale of attracting foreign investment has reached a record high, reaching US $135.6 billion in 2015. China has become the world's third largest attracting foreign investment country after the United States and Japan. China's foreign investment attraction has always been a hot issue for experts and scholars. In particular, the research on the wage gap of labor force in different industries in China is not uncommon. This paper starts from the perspective of the difference of labor price ownership between domestic and foreign enterprises. This paper focuses on the analysis of the influence of foreign capital on the wage gap of Chinese enterprises with different ownership. The whole paper is divided into two parts: theoretical research and empirical research. At the theoretical level, this paper first introduces the theory of international direct investment (FDI). The research results of wage determination theory and factor endowment theory on transnational investment and wages of enterprises; secondly, the different viewpoints of domestic and foreign experts and scholars on wage gap and wage spillover effect of domestic and foreign enterprises are listed. Then it reviews and analyzes the gap between the practice of introducing foreign capital in China and the wage level gap between domestic and foreign enterprises under different types of ownership. Finally, according to the existing literature on the selection of variables and the hypothesis of conditions to establish a theoretical model to guide the empirical test of the wage gap between domestic and foreign enterprises. This paper adopts the method of combining quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Using the panel economic data of 29 provinces and cities in the mainland of China from 2001 to 2015, the paper carries out the overall test and the sample test. First, to study the influence of foreign investment on the wage level of Chinese enterprises with different ownership; secondly, to divide foreign-funded enterprises into two research directions: Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises and foreign enterprises. This paper makes a deep comparison of the different effects of the two on the wage difference between enterprises in China. Because the spatial distribution of the regions where China introduces foreign capital tends to be in the eastern coastal areas, while the regions with a vast area, The proportion of foreign investment in the western region has been in a low level for a long time, so the prominent characteristics of uneven regional distribution of foreign investment will also have a different impact on the wage level of enterprises. According to the regional type of China, the research samples are divided into the eastern region and the central and western regions, and the cross-section data space measurement tests are carried out by using Geoda software. The main conclusions of the empirical study show that: with the increase of the scale of foreign investment, The wage gap between domestic and foreign-funded enterprises will continue to narrow. Whether it is foreign investment or investment by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises, The influence of foreign capital on the wages of non-state-owned enterprises is greater than that of state-owned enterprises, and the influence of foreign capital on wages of domestic enterprises in eastern China is greater than that of the corresponding central and western regions. This paper holds that policy suggestions should be put forward from the following five aspects: first, to ensure the scale of foreign investment and at the same time to pay more attention to improving the quality and structure of foreign investment; secondly, to appropriately expand the scale of employment of foreign-funded enterprises. To enable more Chinese labor to participate in the study of factors of production such as advanced technology and management experience of foreign-funded enterprises; third, to further improve the welfare protection system for employees in non-state-owned enterprises with domestic capital. The rapid development of enterprises is inseparable from the continuous improvement and upgrading of the internal system; in 4th, it is necessary to improve the ability of the vast central and western regions of China to attract capital, and the wage spillover effect of introducing foreign capital to domestic enterprises in the eastern region has been continuously weakened. The central and western regions can take this opportunity to expand and promote the development of local domestic enterprises; in 5th, it is necessary to break the shackles of the system of ownership structure of Chinese enterprises, and realize the transformation from the dual track parallel development of enterprises to the win-win development of enterprises' dual track cooperation.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.6;F272.92

【参考文献】