股权投资企业对赌协议的初始确认与计量

发布时间：2018-05-12 11:13

本文选题：股权投资 + 对赌协议　；参考：《中国财政科学研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现今,对赌协议因其特有的自身属性,成为近年来股权投资实务中常见的业绩控制手段,也是目前企业投融资协议的主要方式,但在会计处理上,由于缺乏相关的明确规定,引入国内的时间短且实践尚不充分,会计准则对这一领域的规范也仅仅是原则性的,至今在理论理解和准则具体实施应用方面仍然存在异议,需要研究和进一步细化完善。在对赌协议会计处理中,最为关键的一步是对赌协议初始确认与计量,只有较为公允地进行对赌协议初始确认与计量,才能准确地进行对赌协议的会计核算。当前阶段,对赌协议的会计处理主要按照现行相关《企业会计准则》及有关会计规定执行,2014年,财政部对《企业会计准则》进行了大范围的修订,对包含《企业会计准则第22号——金融工具确认和计量》及《企业会计准则第37号——金融工具列报》在内的多项准则相关条文进行了修订和增删。随后财政部颁发了《关于印发金融负债与权益工具的区分及相关会计处理规定)的通知》(财会[2014]13号文),对金融工具分类及会计处理进行了规定,但规定中缺乏对赌协议会计处理具体规定。2017年4月6日,财政部正式发布新版金融工具系列会计准则,分别对《企业会计准则第22号—金融工具确认和计量》、《企业会计准则第23号—金融资产转移》和《企业会计准则第24号—套期保值》进行了重大修订,新修订的金融工具准则与国际会计准则理事会发布的国际财务报告第9号金融工具(IFRS9)基本趋同。其中,与对赌协议相关的规定有:简化了嵌入衍生金融工具的会计处理;增加套期会计中期权时间价值的会计处理方法·;增加套期会计中信用风险敞口的公允价值选择权修订后的套期会计准则规定。尽管如此,这些准则及相关规定是原则性的,在会计要素的确认及或有对价初始确认与计量等方面的相关规定不够细化和全面,导致实务中关于对赌协议的会计处理亦存在较大争议。鉴于上述情况,出于进一步完善企业对赌协议会计处理规范,提升有关企业对赌协议会计信息质量的考虑,笔者结合我国现行与对赌协议会计处理相关的准则及会计规范规定,分析了我国会计规范中关于对赌协议会计规定中针对投资方对赌协议的初始确认与计量的现存问题,并针对这些问题尝试性提出了完善我国对赌协议会计规范的相关建议。本文认为,金融工具会计准则中关于对赌协议会计处理存在的不足之处主要有三点,其一是根据现行准则不能明确判断对于以诸如管理层去留等企业经营管理行为作为对赌标的之对赌协议的会计处理;其二是由于当前会计准则未对金融变量做出详细的定义,导致无法准确判断对赌协议是否能够确认为衍生金融工具;其三是在关于对赌协议作为衍生金融工具是否与主合同进行分拆处理的规定方面存在不足之处。企业合并会计准则的相关规定中关于投资方对赌协议的会计处理存在的不足之处主要有两点,其一是关于或有对价是否计入合并成本的相关规定不够细化;其二是现行会计规范中缺乏关于投资方对赌协议初始确认时应当确认为资产类的金融工具还是负债类的金融工具的细化规定,使得实务中投资方对赌协议的初始确认带来较大分歧。公允价值会计准则中关于对赌协议初始计量的规定的不足之处在于会计准则中对衍生金融工具定价的相关指南较为原则化,导致实务中此类期权定价具有很大的主观性和随意性,而如果不能合理定价,后续的会计处理结果的可靠性与相关性就难以保证。关于对赌协议投资主体分类的相关规定的不足之处在于,准则规定通过判断主体身份的方式来决定适用何种会计准则,但是却未就主体身份的判断给出明确的界定标准和识别条件;另一方面,关于非风投机构的股权投资按照风险投资机构的模式操作下该采用何种判断标准和依据,以及如何进行会计处理缺乏详细规定。除此之外,对于作出业绩承诺的一方是投资方自身的情况,缺乏会计准则解释公告等会计规范,也未采用会计实务案例指引方式明确这种特殊事项的会计处理原则。针对以上不足之处,本文尝试性提出了相关的改进、补充、完善和细化会计准则及先关规定的建议,以期为我国有关投资企业赌协议的会计处理规范的进一步完善提供有益参考。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, gambling agreement has become a common means of performance control in stock investment practice in recent years because of its own characteristic, and it is also the main mode of investment and financing agreement at present. However, in accounting treatment, due to lack of relevant clear regulations, the introduction of domestic time is short and the practice is not sufficient, accounting standards are standardized in this field. The most important step in the accounting treatment of gambling agreement is the initial confirmation and measurement of the betting agreement, and only a relatively fair initial confirmation and measurement of the betting agreement can be made to be accurate. In the current stage, the accounting treatment of the betting agreement is mainly carried out in accordance with the current relevant accounting standards and relevant accounting regulations. In 2014, the Ministry of finance made a large revision to the accounting standards for enterprises, including the accounting standards for Enterprises No. twenty-second, financial instruments confirmation and measurement and enterprises. The relevant provisions of the Accounting Standards No. thirty-seventh, the financial instruments listed, have been revised and added and deleted. The Ministry of Finance issued the notice of "the distinction between the issuance of financial liabilities and rights and interests tools and the relevant accounting treatment provisions) (article [2014]13 of Finance and accounting), which stipulates the classification of financial instruments and accounting treatment, but stipulates that There is a lack of specific provisions on the accounting treatment of gambling agreement in April 6th.2017. The Ministry of Finance formally issued a new series of accounting standards for financial instruments in April 6th. The accounting standards for "Enterprise Accounting Standards No. twenty-second - financial instruments confirmation and measurement >" Accounting Standards No. twenty-third - financial asset transfer > and < Accounting Standards twenty-fourth - hedging > are carried out, respectively. The revised, newly revised financial tool guidelines are basically converged with the international financial report no. ninth (IFRS9) issued by the international accounting standards board. Among them, the provisions related to the betting agreement are: simplifying the accounting treatment of the embedded derivative financial instruments; increasing the accounting treatment of the time value of the mid-term rights of the hedging accounting; increasing the hedging. However, the accounting standards and relevant regulations are principled, and the relevant provisions in the confirmation of the accounting elements and the initial confirmation and measurement of the price are not detailed and comprehensive, which leads to the accounting treatment of the gambling agreement in practice. In view of the above, in view of the further improvement of the accounting standard for gambling agreement and the consideration of the quality of the accounting information of the betting agreement, the author analyzes the accounting standard accounting in our country's accounting standards in accordance with the current rules and regulations related to the accounting treatment in our country and the betting agreement. In accordance with the existing problems in the initial confirmation and measurement of the betting agreement between the investor and the investor, the author puts forward some suggestions to improve the accounting standard of the betting agreement in China. This article holds that there are three main points in the financial instruments accounting standards about the accounting treatment of gambling agreement. It can't make a clear judgment on the accounting treatment for the betting agreement with the business management behavior such as the management layer, and the second is that the current accounting standards do not make a detailed definition of the financial variables, which leads to the inaccurate judgment of whether the betting agreement can be considered as a derivative financial instrument. There are inadequacies in the provisions of the betting agreement as a derivative financial instrument or not with the main contract. There are two main shortcomings in the relevant provisions of the enterprise merger accounting standards about the accounting treatment of the betting agreement, one is that the relevant provisions about whether or not the price is included in the merger cost are not fine enough. The second is that the current accounting standards lack the detailed provisions on financial instruments that should be recognized as financial instruments or liabilities of assets when the investor should confirm the initial confirmation of the betting agreement, which makes the investors in the practice of the initial confirmation of the betting agreement. The deficiency lies in the principle that the relevant guidelines for the pricing of derivative financial instruments are more principled in the accounting standards, which leads to the substantial subjectivity and randomness of the option pricing in practice, and the reliability and relevance of subsequent accounting treatment results are difficult to guarantee if they are not reasonably priced. The deficiency of the relevant provisions of the class is that the criterion determines which accounting standards to be applied by the way of judging the subject identity, but it does not give a clear definition and recognition conditions for the judgment of the main body of identity; on the other hand, the equity investment in non venture capital institutions should be adopted under the mode of the venture capital institution. In addition, the party that makes the performance commitment is the investor's own situation, lacks the accounting standards for accounting standards interpretation bulletin, and does not use the accounting practice case guidance to clarify the accounting treatment principles of this particular item. Inadequacies, this article attempts to put forward relevant improvements, supplement, improve and refine the accounting standards and the recommendations of the first customs regulations, in order to provide useful reference for the further improvement of the accounting standards for investment enterprise gambling agreements in China.

【学位授予单位】：中国财政科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F275;F832.51

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