再制造背景下政府政策与企业以旧换新策略研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 03:54

本文选题：再制造 + 政府政策　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来,经济发展所带来的环境问题和资源问题已成为全球关注的焦点。其中,物质产品的生产、消费和废弃所造成的环境污染和资源浪费尤为严重。由于再制造活动具有潜在的经济、环境和社会福利,因此再制造活动受到各国政府和制造型企业的青睐。为了保护环境和发展循环经济,各国政府通过颁布一些政策促进再制造活动发展,这些政策包括再制造补贴政策(RSP)和碳税政策(CTP)。为了更好造福社会,政府需要从RSP和CTP中挑选出最优政策。另外,从事再制造活动,制造商们首先需要持续供应废旧产品。制造商们一般通过以旧换新活动和第三方回收活动两种途径回收废旧产品。虽然第三方回收有助于制造商们回收更多废旧产品,但它可能与以旧换新活动相竞争从而降低以旧换新需求量,因此制造商们需要决策是否授权第三方回收他们的废1旧产品。随着电商的蓬勃发展,一些提供线上交易平台的电商巨头孕育而生,例如Amazon.com、Bestbuy.com、京东、国美在线、苏宁易购等。为了保留老顾客和促进销售,这些电商平台提供以旧换新服务。不同于传统以旧换新服务,B2C平台以旧换新服务以礼券(GC)或者现金券(CC)作为以旧换新折扣支付方式,其中GC只能在自营店使用而CC既可以在自营店也可以在他营店使用。因此,拥有自营店和他营店的电商平台需要从GC和CC中挑选出最优支付方式。此外,电商发展也培养了消费者网购习惯,因此越来越多的传统零售商们为了生存开拓线上销售渠道。其中,销售耐用产品的零售商们往往会提供以旧换新服务来刺激替换消费者的重复购买。在现实中,这些零售商们提供以旧换新服务具有三种渠道选择方式:第一种是只提供线下以旧换新服务(OFC),例如GAME;第二种是只提供线上以旧换新服务(ONC),例如Navman;第三种是提供线上线下以旧换新服务(DBC),例如苹果公司。因此,拥有线上线下销售渠道的零售商们需要从OFC, ONC和DBC中挑选出最优以旧换新渠道策略。根据上述再制造背景下政府和企业所面临的决策问题,本文研究可从以下四个方面展开:(1)研究企业在RSP和CTP下的最优策略,并探究政府最优政策;(2)分别研究在不授权第三方回收(NA)和授权第三方回收(A)情形下制造商和第三方的最优策略,然后得出制造商最优授权选择;(3)研究在GC和CC两种情形下B2C平台和第三方卖家的最优策略,然后得出平台最优以旧换新支付方式。(4)研究在OFC, ONC和DBC下零售商最优定价和以旧换新折扣策略,随后得出最优以旧换新渠道选择。本文通过构建理论模型并结合参数分析以及数值实验等方法来研究再制造背景下政府和企业的最优策略,并提出一些有意义的管理启示:(1)在RSP下,制造商应该增加翻新产品产量而减少新产品产量;在CTP下,制造商应该减少新产品产量,并且只当翻新产品排放强度较小时才增加翻新产品产量。另外,RSP不利于零售商但却有利于制造商和整个供应链,而CTP不利于零售商和制造商。有趣的是,在控制碳排放方面,CTP并不总是优于RSP。在CTP下,当环境损害系数小于一个临界值时,政府并不会颁布CTP政策。最为重要的是,如果环境损害系数相对较小,则RSP是政府最优政策;否则,CTP是政府最优政策。(2)当翻新产品耐用系数相对较小时,第三方回收活动和制造商以旧换新活动存在竞争关系。在NA和A下的最优以旧换新折扣大小关系取决于翻新产品耐用系数和单位以旧换新补贴的大小。如果翻新产品耐用系数较大,则A总是制造商的最优选择;否则,除了单位以旧换新补贴较小和翻新产品单位残值较大的情形以外,其他情形下NA都是最优选择。(3)B2C平台为那些实际残值较低的废旧产品制定高于其残值的以旧换新折扣,而为那些实际残值较高的废旧产品制定低于其残值的以旧换新折扣。另外,平台既可能为自营店也可能为他营店做销售努力,并且平台可以搭第三方卖家销售努力的顺风车,但是销售努力并不一定有利于平台和第三方卖家。当平台从自营店获得比他营店更多的销售利润并且消费者对于CC并没有特别偏爱时,GC是平台最优支付方式;否则,CC是最优支付方式。(4)零售商以旧换新渠道选择对新产品定价没有影响,然而在OFC, ONC和DBC下的最优以旧换新折扣大小取决于消费者网购等待心理成本和单位运费的大小。有趣的是,在OFC或者ONC下的以旧换新需求量在一些条件下大于在DBC下的以旧换新需求量。另外,任何一种选择都可能最有利于替换消费者。最为重要的是,如果单位运费相对较小,则ONC是最优选择;如果单位运费大小相对适中,则DBC是最优选择;否则,OFC是最优选择。本文在再制造背景下,研究了政府最优政策,企业最优回收策略,B2C平台最优以旧换新策略以及拥有线上线下销售渠道零售商最优以旧换新策略。这些研究对于政府颁布再制造政策和企业制定回收和以旧换新策略都具有理论和实践指导意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the environmental and resource problems brought about by economic development have become the focus of global concern. Among them, the production, consumption and waste of material products cause environmental pollution and waste of resources. As a result of the potential economic, environmental and social welfare of remanufacturing activities, remanufacturing activities are subject to the government and system of various countries. In order to protect the environment and develop the circular economy, governments have promulgated some policies to promote the development of remanufacturing activities. These policies include the remanufacturing subsidy policy (RSP) and the carbon tax policy (CTP). In order to better benefit the society, the government needs to select the best policy from the RSP and the CTP. In addition, the remanufacturing activities are engaged in the remanufacturing activities. Manufacturers first need to continue to supply waste products. Manufacturers generally recycle waste products through two ways of using old new activities and third party recycling activities. Although third party recycling helps manufacturers to recycle more waste products, it may compete with old new activities to reduce the old new demand, thus manufacturing Businessmen need to make decisions on whether to authorize third parties to recycle their 1 old and old products. With the booming development of e-commerce, some e-commerce giants that provide online trading platforms are born, such as Amazon.com, Bestbuy.com, Jingdong, Gome online, suning.com and so on. In order to retain old customers and promote sales, these e-commerce platforms provide old new services. Unlike traditional new services, the B2C platform uses old exchange services with GC or cash vouchers (CC) as an old new discounted payment, in which GC can only be used in a private shop and CC can be used in his own shop or in his shop. Therefore, an e-commerce platform with a private store and his shop needs to be selected best from GC and CC. In addition, the development of e-commerce has also fostered consumer online shopping habits, so more and more traditional retailers are developing online marketing channels for survival. Among them, retailers who sell durable products often provide old new services to stimulate replacement consumers' repurchase. In reality, these retailers offer the old. There are three channel options for new services: the first is to provide only an old new service (OFC) under a line, such as GAME; the second is to provide only an old new service (ONC), such as Navman, and the third is to provide an old new service (DBC), such as a Apple Corp. The optimal new channel strategy should be selected from OFC, ONC and DBC. According to the decision problems faced by the government and the enterprise under the remanufacturing background, the study can be carried out from the following four aspects: (1) to study the optimal strategy of the enterprise under RSP and CTP and to explore the optimal government policy; (2) the study on the unauthorized third party recovery (NA) and the unauthorized recovery (2) The optimal strategy of manufacturers and third parties is authorized under the third party recovery (A) situation, then the manufacturer's optimal authorization choice is obtained; (3) the optimal strategy of the B2C platform and the third party seller in the two cases of GC and CC is studied, and then the optimal new payment method for the platform is obtained. (4) the optimal pricing and the old change of the retailer under OFC, ONC and DBC are studied. The new discount strategy is followed by the selection of the best new channel. This paper studies the optimal strategy of government and enterprise under the remanufacturing background by constructing the theoretical model and combining parameter analysis and numerical experiments, and puts forward some meaningful management enlightenment: (1) under RSP, the manufacturer should increase the production of the refurbished product and reduce the new product. Product production; at CTP, manufacturers should reduce the production of new products and increase the production of refurbished products only if the refurbishment of the product is less than the low emission intensity. In addition, the RSP is not conducive to the retailers but is beneficial to the manufacturers and the whole supply chain, and the CTP is not conducive to the retailers and manufacturers. It is interesting that the CTP is not always superior in controlling carbon emissions. When the RSP. is in CTP, when the environmental damage coefficient is less than a critical value, the government will not promulgate the CTP policy. Most importantly, if the environmental damage coefficient is relatively small, then RSP is the best government policy; otherwise, CTP is the best government policy. (2) when the refurbished product's durable system is relatively small, the third party recycling activities and the manufacturers replace the old. There is a competitive relationship between the new activities. The optimal new discount rate under NA and A depends on the durability coefficient of the refurbished product and the size of the old new subsidy. If the refurbishment product has a large durable coefficient, A is the best choice for the manufacturer; otherwise, the units with the old replacement subsidies are smaller and the refurbishment of the refurbished product units is larger. In other cases, NA is the best choice in other cases. (3) the B2C platform makes the old new discounts higher than the residual value of the waste products with lower actual residual values, and the waste products with higher actual residual value are set by the old new discounts lower than their residual values. In addition, the platform may be either for the private store or for his store. Sales efforts, and the platform can take third party sellers to sell hard cars, but sales efforts do not necessarily benefit the platform and third party sellers. When the platform gets more profit from the private store than his store, and when the consumer has no special preference for CC, GC is the best way to pay for the platform; otherwise, CC is the best payment. (4) (4) the retailer's choice of old new channel selection has no effect on the pricing of new products. However, the size of the optimal new discounts under OFC, ONC and DBC depends on the waiting psychological cost and unit freight of the consumer online shopping. Interestingly, the old new demand under OFC or ONC is older than under DBC under some conditions. In addition, any choice may be most beneficial to replace the consumer. The most important thing is that if the unit freight is relatively small, ONC is the best choice; if the unit freight is relatively moderate, then the DBC is the best choice; otherwise, OFC is the best choice. In the background of remanufacturing, this paper studies the optimal government policy, enterprise The optimal recovery strategy, the optimal B2C platform with the old new strategy and the optimal new strategy for the retailer under the online and offline marketing channel. These studies have theoretical and practical significance for the government to promulgate remanufacturing policies and to make the recycling and the old new strategies.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274

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