舆论环境对中小企业安全生产行为影响研究
发布时间：2018-11-17 10:25
【摘要】：中小企业安全生产问题研究基于三层关系(企业与员工的雇佣关系、政府与企业的监管关系、社会与政府及企业的监督关系)、围绕两个失灵(市场失灵与管制失灵)、解决一个核心点(安全成本外溢),落脚点在于改进制度安排。这是中小企业安全生产研究演进的整体思路。在此研究进路下,本研究从全局梳理安全生产问题的前因后果,溯流而上,沿着市场机制轨迹寻找社会性目标的落实点,从上游的舆论环境源头寻找成本外溢的根因,通过探索性案例研究,建构舆论环境影响中小企业安全生产行为初始模型;再顺流而下,理顺逻辑,通过机理分析与实证检验,得出相应的结论并提出中小企业安全产舆论环境的优化对策措施。在对中小企业安全生产舆论环境相关问题进行理论分析与调研实证的基础上,本研究主要取得以下几方面的创新性研究成果:(1)通过对中小企业安全生产问题整体梳理,得出社会性监督的思路。因为市场不能解决所有的问题,政府总是市场重要的合作伙伴;但政府也不能解决市场之外的所有问题,社会也是市场重要的合作伙伴,因此需要第三种制度安排——第三部门的参与。运用市场机制实施社会目标,安全产权的动态博弈过程最直接的反映便是主体意见互动,自在与自为的舆论的治理价值便自然地凸显出来,形成舆论如何影响决策的命题。舆论中包含着对客体事实和主体意见的信息,这种意见的表达正是诺斯所指出的制度分析的本质,即制度分析从根本上来说并不是研究博弈规则,而是研究个人对这些规则的反应。这就使得作为社会科学研究的舆论在新制度主义的制度研究框架中找到了一个准确的定位,从而拓展了把舆论引入管理学科中、作为影响决策的一个内在变量的研究之路。如果说交易成本是一种摩擦成本的话,那么舆论就是一种摩擦产生的热耗,因为摩擦会通过意见表达、舆论传播出来。(2)中小企业安全生产受到关注少,公众敏感度低,导致以追逐热点为目标的媒介反应弱,再加上传播途径有限,缺乏一定的社会动员能力,所以在舆论环境中即处于弱势地位,反映出中小企业安全生产处于边缘化地位,公共性不足,得不到社会资源的足够支撑影响权力决策,使得企业与员工之间的雇佣关系成为劳动力市场的私人交易,弱势者受挤压;安全生产目标往往又在经济目标强势竞争下被挤出,这正是中小企业安全生产困境长久得不到彻解的症结所在。(3)舆论环境分三个维度作用于中小企业安全生产行为,其中,公众知情是首要条件,媒介反应是核心环节,传播途径是关键载体。舆论环境对中小企业安全生产行为的目标设定与效果反馈的影响强于对管理实施的影响。由此也提出了一个言事分权的推论,即作为言务的舆论对决策的目标设定与效果反馈具有较好的影响作用,而对专业性较强的管理实施事务则影响较弱。这正反映了隐性知识的认知成本,事务因需要较强的专业认知而只由少数人掌握实施才有效率,而言务因知识门槛不高便于认知和传播而由多数人参与才有公平和更多资源支撑。两者的分权互动合作是最有利的决策模式。(4)舆论环境通过监管力度为中介变量对中小企业安全生产行为产生影响。监管力度受到内在的监管实施和外在的安全压力的影响,相关制度政策的产生其实是由多种力量汇合博弈出来的,包括同业竞争者、行业协调者、上下游关系等,他们共同提供了制度压力中的规制、规范、认知等压力来源,共同促成了监管力度的平衡水平。(5)舆论环境影响建言程度,但建言程度对中小企业安全生产影响关系未获实证支持。建言程度取决于内在的安全感知与外在的建言氛围,这是由个体心理与群体因素共同作用的结果,舆论环境对其有较大的影响作用。建言程度其实是对劳动力市场雇佣关系的一种平衡,安全产权的动态“冗余”通过建言行为表达出来。中小企业员工因为自身素质与就业压力及企业的漠视甚至压制,建言行为虽一定程度地存在,但基本只限于私下或局部范围的表达,没有进入到安全管理的权力决策层面,对企业安全生产决策行为的影响微乎其微,难以真正发挥有效作用。(6)在确立舆论环境影响中小企业安全生产行为的作用及其路径后,本研究提出了通过舆论环境优化来解决中小企业安全生产问题的对策建议。重点可以从提升公众层面的安全敏感、更多的公众知情表达渠道,以及充分发挥社会组织在实现社会性目标中的积极有效作用,善于抓取每一次难得的进入公众视野、成为公共性问题的机会,披露更多细致的安全生产信息,吸纳更多公众深入关注参与,引导公众资源成为推动中小企业安全生产问题深化解决的动力。
[Abstract]:The research on the safety production of small and medium-sized enterprises is based on the three-layer relationship (the relationship between the employment of the enterprises and the employees, the relationship between the government and the enterprises, the supervision relationship between the society and the government and the enterprises), and the two failures (the market failure and the control failure). One of the core points (security cost spillovers) is to improve the institutional arrangements. This is the whole idea of the evolution of the research and development of the safe production of small and medium-sized enterprises. In this study, the present study looks for the implementation point of the social target from the source of the public opinion environment from the source of the upstream public opinion environment, and through the exploratory case study, To construct the model of the safe production behavior of the medium and small-sized enterprises with the influence of public opinion on the environment, the logic should be put forward, the mechanism analysis and the empirical test are adopted, the corresponding conclusions are drawn, and the measures to optimize the environment of the public opinion on the safe production of the medium and small-sized enterprises are put forward. On the basis of the theoretical analysis and research on the environment-related problems of the safe production of the medium and small-sized enterprises, the research mainly takes the innovative research results of the following aspects: (1) the idea of social supervision is obtained through the overall arrangement of the safety production problems of the small and medium-sized enterprises. Because the market can't solve all the problems, the government is always the key partner of the market; but the government can't solve all the problems outside the market, and the society is the key partner of the market, so it needs the third system to arrange the participation of the third department. The most direct reflection of the dynamic game process of using the market mechanism to implement social goals and security property rights is the interaction of the subject's opinions. The expression of this kind of opinion is the essence of the system analysis, that is, the system analysis is not the research game rule, but the individual's response to these rules. This makes the public opinion, as the research of social science, to find an accurate position in the framework of the system of the new institutionalism, thus expanding the way of introducing public opinion into the management subject as an internal variable that influences the decision-making. If the transaction cost is a kind of friction cost, the public opinion is a friction-generated heat loss, because the friction can be expressed by the opinion and the public opinion spread out. (2) The safety production of small and medium-sized enterprises is less concerned and the public's sensitivity is low, which leads to the weak reaction of the medium in the pursuit of the hot spot, and the limited propagation way and the lack of a certain social mobilization capability, so it is in a vulnerable position in the public opinion environment, It reflects that the safe production of the small and medium-sized enterprises is marginalized, the public is not enough, and the insufficient support of the social resources affects the power decision-making, so that the employment relationship between the enterprise and the staff becomes the private transaction of the labor market, and the vulnerable are squeezed; The goal of safety production is often extruded under the strong competition of the economic target, which is the crux of the problem that the safe production of small and medium-sized enterprises has not been solved for a long time. (3) The three dimensions of the public opinion environment act on the safe production behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises, among which, the public informed is the primary condition, the media reaction is the core link, and the transmission route is the key carrier. The influence of the public opinion environment on the target setting and effect feedback of the safety production behavior of the small and medium-sized enterprises is stronger than the effect on the management implementation. This paper also puts forward the inference of the power of separation, that is, as the public opinion of the public speaking, the objective setting and effect feedback of decision making have a better effect, and the management and implementation affairs with strong specialization have a weak effect. This is a reflection of the cognitive cost of the tacit knowledge. The transaction is effective only by a few people because of the strong professional cognition. The decentralized and interactive cooperation of the two is the most favorable decision-making mode. (4) The public opinion environment has an effect on the safety production behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises through regulation. The supervision is influenced by the internal supervision and the external security pressure, and the production of the relevant system policy is produced by the combination of various forces, including the inter-bank competitors, the industry coordinator, the upstream and downstream relations, etc., and they jointly provide the regulation and standard in the system pressure. The sources of pressure, such as cognition, have contributed to the level of balance of regulation. (5) The influence of the degree of public opinion on the environmental impact of the public opinion is not supported by the empirical support of the relationship between the degree of construction and the safety production of the small and medium-sized enterprises. The degree of speech is dependent on the intrinsic safety awareness and the external environment, which is the result of the interaction between the individual psychology and the group factors, and the public opinion environment has a great influence on it. The degree of construction is actually a balance of the employment relation of the labor market, and the dynamic 鈥渞edundancy鈥，
本文编号：2337443
[Abstract]:The research on the safety production of small and medium-sized enterprises is based on the three-layer relationship (the relationship between the employment of the enterprises and the employees, the relationship between the government and the enterprises, the supervision relationship between the society and the government and the enterprises), and the two failures (the market failure and the control failure). One of the core points (security cost spillovers) is to improve the institutional arrangements. This is the whole idea of the evolution of the research and development of the safe production of small and medium-sized enterprises. In this study, the present study looks for the implementation point of the social target from the source of the public opinion environment from the source of the upstream public opinion environment, and through the exploratory case study, To construct the model of the safe production behavior of the medium and small-sized enterprises with the influence of public opinion on the environment, the logic should be put forward, the mechanism analysis and the empirical test are adopted, the corresponding conclusions are drawn, and the measures to optimize the environment of the public opinion on the safe production of the medium and small-sized enterprises are put forward. On the basis of the theoretical analysis and research on the environment-related problems of the safe production of the medium and small-sized enterprises, the research mainly takes the innovative research results of the following aspects: (1) the idea of social supervision is obtained through the overall arrangement of the safety production problems of the small and medium-sized enterprises. Because the market can't solve all the problems, the government is always the key partner of the market; but the government can't solve all the problems outside the market, and the society is the key partner of the market, so it needs the third system to arrange the participation of the third department. The most direct reflection of the dynamic game process of using the market mechanism to implement social goals and security property rights is the interaction of the subject's opinions. The expression of this kind of opinion is the essence of the system analysis, that is, the system analysis is not the research game rule, but the individual's response to these rules. This makes the public opinion, as the research of social science, to find an accurate position in the framework of the system of the new institutionalism, thus expanding the way of introducing public opinion into the management subject as an internal variable that influences the decision-making. If the transaction cost is a kind of friction cost, the public opinion is a friction-generated heat loss, because the friction can be expressed by the opinion and the public opinion spread out. (2) The safety production of small and medium-sized enterprises is less concerned and the public's sensitivity is low, which leads to the weak reaction of the medium in the pursuit of the hot spot, and the limited propagation way and the lack of a certain social mobilization capability, so it is in a vulnerable position in the public opinion environment, It reflects that the safe production of the small and medium-sized enterprises is marginalized, the public is not enough, and the insufficient support of the social resources affects the power decision-making, so that the employment relationship between the enterprise and the staff becomes the private transaction of the labor market, and the vulnerable are squeezed; The goal of safety production is often extruded under the strong competition of the economic target, which is the crux of the problem that the safe production of small and medium-sized enterprises has not been solved for a long time. (3) The three dimensions of the public opinion environment act on the safe production behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises, among which, the public informed is the primary condition, the media reaction is the core link, and the transmission route is the key carrier. The influence of the public opinion environment on the target setting and effect feedback of the safety production behavior of the small and medium-sized enterprises is stronger than the effect on the management implementation. This paper also puts forward the inference of the power of separation, that is, as the public opinion of the public speaking, the objective setting and effect feedback of decision making have a better effect, and the management and implementation affairs with strong specialization have a weak effect. This is a reflection of the cognitive cost of the tacit knowledge. The transaction is effective only by a few people because of the strong professional cognition. The decentralized and interactive cooperation of the two is the most favorable decision-making mode. (4) The public opinion environment has an effect on the safety production behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises through regulation. The supervision is influenced by the internal supervision and the external security pressure, and the production of the relevant system policy is produced by the combination of various forces, including the inter-bank competitors, the industry coordinator, the upstream and downstream relations, etc., and they jointly provide the regulation and standard in the system pressure. The sources of pressure, such as cognition, have contributed to the level of balance of regulation. (5) The influence of the degree of public opinion on the environmental impact of the public opinion is not supported by the empirical support of the relationship between the degree of construction and the safety production of the small and medium-sized enterprises. The degree of speech is dependent on the intrinsic safety awareness and the external environment, which is the result of the interaction between the individual psychology and the group factors, and the public opinion environment has a great influence on it. The degree of construction is actually a balance of the employment relation of the labor market, and the dynamic 鈥渞edundancy鈥，
本文编号：2337443
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