票据抗辩的相关法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 19:26

本文关键词： 票据票据抗辩权票据抗辩制度他人援用除外制度　出处：《北京化工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的快速发展，票据已经成为我国经济活动中一种重要的交易工具，票据的生命力得益于流通，促进流通才能使票据功能得以更好更快的发挥，但现行票据理论还未能有效应对票据抗辩实务的发展，其原因一方面是由于我们当前社会的信用基础缺失，更重要的一方面则是我国票据制度设计上的不足。票据抗辩制度是票据法的重要内容，是票据制度中的重要制度安排。票据抗辩的产生事由是否恰当、票据抗辩的行使方式是否可行、票据抗辩的限制规定是否合理，直接影响着票据法立法价值的实现，更与票据法律关系当事人的个体利益息息相关。本文主要从票据抗辩的理论依据、立法现状、产生事由、权利行使及权利限制等方面入手，对票据使用过程中存在的实际问题进行深入探讨，并结合具体案例，着重对票据抗辩在实践应用中的棘手问题进行梳理和归纳，寻找完善票据抗辩制度的理论根源和实施规则，以期对完善我国票据制度有所裨益。本文通过对票据抗辩制度的研究，明确了抗辩与抗辩权的区别。对票据抗辩制度的立法价值取向进行了探讨，阐述了票据抗辩制度上维护交易公平、防止权利滥用、促进票据流通、实现经济效益等法的价值，并将大陆法系、英美法系以及我国的票据抗辩立法进行了对比研究。本文根据票据抗辩权产生事由在表现形式、构成要件及理论基础等方面的不同将其分为三类，上述三类产生事由分别源于实质债务关系、票据记载内容和当事人恶意。本文对各类抗辩事由的具体内容进行了认真梳理，为下文相关问题的解决提供了理论铺垫。本文重点论述了票据抗辩权行使的他人援用制度和票据抗辩权限制的除外制度。一方面，文章结合实际案例强调了确立票据抗辩权行使他人援用制度的必要性，并通过分析论证了他人援用制度应当且只应适用于特定情况下的保证人抗辩及权利滥用抗辩、二重无权抗辩。本文分节对他人援用制度的意义、理论基础、具体类型进行了全面论述，为推动我国票据抗辩权体系的完善，解决票据抗辩权行使的棘手问题探索了更为科学化的法律规则。另一方面，，参考所有权说、政策说、票据债权说等理论观点对票据抗辩权限制进行了深入的剖析，介绍了票据抗辩权限制的意义、理论依据及基本内容，论证了票据抗辩权限制的除外制度主要适用于恶意抗辩、不以相当对价取得票据、非以票据法规定方式取得票据等情形。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, bills have become an important trading tool in the economic activities of our country. The vitality of bills benefits from circulation, and only by promoting circulation can the function of bills be brought into play better and faster. However, the current bill theory has not been able to deal with the development of bill defense practice effectively, which is due to the lack of credit basis in our current society, and more importantly, the deficiency in the design of bill system in our country. Bill defense system is an important content of negotiable instrument law and an important system arrangement in bill system. Whether the cause of bill defense is appropriate, whether the exercise mode of bill defense is feasible, whether the restriction of bill defense is reasonable or not, It has a direct impact on the realization of the legislative value of negotiable instrument law, and is closely related to the individual interests of the parties concerned. This paper mainly starts with the theoretical basis of the bill defense, the current legislative situation, the cause of the production, the exercise of the right and the restriction of the right, etc. This paper probes into the practical problems existing in the process of bill use, and combining with specific cases, focuses on combing and summing up the thorny problems in the practical application of bill defense, in order to find out the theoretical origin and implementation rules of perfecting bill defense system. In order to improve the bill system in China. Through the research of bill defense system, this paper clarifies the difference between defense and defense right, probes into the legislative value orientation of bill defense system, and expounds the protection of transaction fairness and the prevention of abuse of rights in bill defense system. In order to promote the circulation of bills and realize the value of economic benefits, this paper makes a comparative study on the legislation of bill defense in civil law system, common law system and our country. These three reasons are derived from the substantial debt relationship, the contents of the notes and the malice of the parties. This paper makes a careful analysis of the specific contents of all kinds of defenses, which are divided into three categories, namely, the substantial debt relationship, the contents of the notes and the malice of the parties concerned. It provides a theoretical basis for solving the related problems below. This paper focuses on the system of invoking other people's right of defense and the system of excluding the restriction of bill's right of defense. On the one hand, the article emphasizes the necessity of establishing the system of invoking other people's right of defense of bill in combination with practical cases. Through the analysis, the author proves that the system of invoking by others should and should only be applied to the surety's defense and the plea of abuse of rights under certain circumstances, and the double defense with no right. The significance and theoretical basis of this article to the system of invoking by others are discussed in this paper. In order to promote the perfection of China's bill defense system and solve the thorny problem of the exercise of bill defense right, the author explores more scientific legal rules, on the other hand, referring to ownership theory and policy theory, The paper deeply analyzes the limitation of bill defense right from the viewpoint of bill creditor's right theory, introduces the significance, theoretical basis and basic content of bill defense right restriction, and proves that the exception system of bill defense right restriction mainly applies to malicious defense. Do not obtain a bill by equivalent consideration, not by means prescribed by the negotiable instrument law, etc.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.287

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