小额信贷：提升小微企业国民经济发展能力的政策思考

发布时间：2018-04-20 16:18

本文选题：小微企业 + 融资困境　；参考：《东北财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,小微企业的重要性日益得到政府和社会的广泛关注,成为我国国民经济健康发展的助推器,其推动作用体现在增加就业,促进经济增长,维护社会稳定,增强科技创新等各个层面。但是,由于历史和体制,制度变迁的路径依赖性等多重原因,仍然存在一些制约我国小微企业发展的因素,其中特别突出的问题一小微企业在自身发展过程中面临融资难的问题。关于《金融基础设施建设与小微型企业融资》国际研讨会在2012年3月举行,中国人民银行李东荣行长助理在此次国际研讨会上指出,“在我国,小微企业是提供新增就业岗位的主要渠道,是企业家创业成长的重要平台,是科技创新的支撑力量。特别是在当前形势下,支持小微企业健康发展,对于保持经济平稳较快发展,加快经济发展方式转变,具有十分重要的战略意义”。日前随着社会各界对小微企业资金问题的关注度不断上升,对小微型企业融资难问题的研究和解决对策成为我国理论界的一个探讨热潮。本文立足于小微型企业的融资现状,着重分析造成小微型企业融资难困境的原因和解决困境的“小额信贷”对策,探索了提升我国小微企业国民经济发展能力的一个经济途径。这对于加快构建适应小微企业发展需求的融资体系,为小微企业提供多元化的融资服务,具有一定的现实意义。本文依据信息不对称、信贷配给等经济理论的思想,分析了我国小微企业的融资现状和融资环境,发现小微企业融资难问题存在着其自身经营管理特征的内部因素和外部环境两大成因。对这种状况,虽然目前国内学者已经提出多种对策,如合理优化融资环境,商业银行信贷制度改革,加强小微企业自身建设等,然而这些大都是长期治理方法。而从当前促进小微企业发展能力的短期效应着眼,方法措施不是很多。本文针对这种短期效应,着重探讨了小额信贷的发展思路。从总结了小额信贷融资创新理论和小额信贷创新手段入手,分析了我国小额信贷创新发展的经验,探究其对于提升小微企业国民经济发展能力的内在机制,在此基础上,提出了以小额信贷为主要形式支持我国小微企业快速高效发展的政策思考,并提出其可持续发展的若干建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the importance of small and micro enterprises has been paid more and more attention by the government and the society, and has become a booster for the healthy development of our national economy. Its driving effect is to increase employment, promote economic growth, and maintain social stability. Enhance scientific and technological innovation and other levels. However, due to many reasons, such as history and system, path dependence of institutional changes, there are still some factors restricting the development of small and micro enterprises in China. One of the most prominent problems is that small and micro enterprises are facing the problem of financing in their own development process. "in China," said Li Dongrong, assistant governor of the people's Bank of China, "in China," the International Symposium on "Financial Infrastructure Construction and financing of small and Micro Enterprises" was held in March 2012. Small and micro enterprises are the main channels to provide new jobs, an important platform for entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial growth, and a supporting force for scientific and technological innovation. Especially in the current situation, it is of great strategic significance to support the healthy development of small and micro enterprises for maintaining the steady and rapid economic development and speeding up the transformation of the mode of economic development. With the increasing attention to the financing problem of small and micro enterprises, the research and solution to the financing problem of small and micro enterprises has become a hot topic in the theoretical circle of our country. Based on the present financing situation of small and micro enterprises, this paper emphatically analyzes the causes of financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises and the countermeasures of "micro-credit" to solve the difficulties, and explores an economic way to enhance the national economic development ability of small and micro enterprises in China. This is of practical significance for speeding up the construction of a financing system adapted to the development needs of small and micro enterprises and providing diversified financing services for small and micro enterprises. Based on the economic theories of asymmetric information and credit rationing, this paper analyzes the present financing situation and financing environment of small and micro enterprises in China. It is found that the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises are caused by internal factors of their own management characteristics and external environment. Although domestic scholars have put forward a variety of countermeasures at present, such as optimizing the financing environment reasonably, reforming the credit system of commercial banks, strengthening the self-construction of small and micro enterprises and so on, these are mostly long-term governance methods. However, from the view of the short-term effect of promoting the development ability of small and micro-enterprises, the methods and measures are not many. In view of this short-term effect, this paper focuses on the development of micro-credit. By summarizing the innovative theory of microfinance financing and the innovative means of microfinance, this paper analyzes the experiences of the innovative development of microfinance in China, and probes into its internal mechanism for enhancing the national economic development ability of small and micro enterprises. This paper puts forward the policy thinking of supporting the rapid and efficient development of small and micro enterprises in China by means of micro-credit, and puts forward some suggestions for its sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.4

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