更新城市的市场之门——深圳市化解土地房屋历史遗留问题的经验研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 16:24

本文选题：更新城市 + 土地确权　；参考：《国际经济评论》2014年03期

【摘要】：中国城乡二元土地制度下形成的"先国有化、后市场化"的城市土地资源配置方式,不能适应改革开放以来投资办厂、基础设施建设和大规模安置流动人口对土地的巨大需求。在政府和原住民的利益碰撞中,大量农村土地自发流转参与城市化、工业化,产生了所谓"土地房屋历史遗留问题"。深圳是全国第一个通过征地和转地的方式实现市域范围内金部土地国有化的城市,由此结束了城乡二元的土地体制,但却产生了一个天量"合法外用地"和"违法建筑"与合法土地房屋并存的二元结构。与此同时,深圳的建设用地资源几近耗尽,城市再开发面临重重困难。要解决这些问题,既不能急,因为铁腕拆除的风险不可控,也不能拖,因为无法承受拖延的高昂代价。调查发现,深圳的改革实践中已经包含了可行的政策元素,其突破口是以缴纳"确权税"(一个各方可接受的比例的土地)为前提,更新"合法外用地"和"违法建筑"的法律产权关系,并以此促进城市再开发。本文提出,以"尽可能把绝大多数人的活动纳入合法框架"为出发点,从行得通的实践经验中提炼政策元素,就可以打开更新城市的市场之门,走出以市场机制配置城市空间资源的新路。
[Abstract]:The allocation of urban land resources formed under the dual land system of urban and rural areas in China "first nationalized, then market-oriented" cannot adapt to the huge demand for land by investment in factories, infrastructure construction and large-scale resettlement of floating population since the reform and opening up. In the conflict of interests between the government and the aborigines, a large number of rural land spontaneous circulation participated in urbanization and industrialization, resulting in the so-called "land and housing historical legacy". Shenzhen was the first city in the country to nationalize the land of the Ministry of Gold in the scope of the city by means of land expropriation and land transfer, thus ending the dual urban and rural land system. However, there is a dualistic structure of "legal external land" and "illegal building" and legal land houses. At the same time, Shenzhen's construction land resources are nearly depleted, urban redevelopment faces difficulties. There is no hurry to solve these problems, because the risk of removing the iron wrist is not controllable, nor can it be dragged, because it cannot afford the high cost of the delay. The survey found that Shenzhen's reform practice already contained feasible policy elements, and its breakthrough was based on the payment of a "confirmed right tax" (an acceptable percentage of land to all parties). To renew the legal property right relationship between "legal external land" and "illegal building", and to promote urban redevelopment. This paper suggests that, starting from "bringing the activities of the vast majority of people into the legal framework as far as possible" and refining policy elements from practical experience that works, we can open the door to the renewal of markets in cities. Go out the new road that allocates city space resource with market mechanism.
【分类号】：F299.23

【相似文献】